CHEMICALS REQUIRED
• Iodine solution
• Potassium iodine
• Sodium hydroxide
• Fehling’s A & B solution
• Concentrated HNO3
• Benedict solution
• Ammonium molybdate Figure 1 – soft drinks of three different brands
Physical analysis
APPARATUS USED
Test tubes
PH paper
DETECTION OF PH
1-2 drops of the sample of cold drink of each brand was taken and was tested by pH paper. The change in the color of pH paper was noticed and was compared with the standard pH scale.
COLOR DETECTION
Color detection is done by manually. Through naked eyes.
ODOUR DETECTION
It is detected by smelling or the smell or here we can say the gas evolved after opening the cane or bottle.
Chemical analysis
APPARATUS USED
Test tubes
Water bath
Conical flask
…show more content…
The incubator shaker can be used for growth of just about any kind of cell including bacterial cultures, tissue cultures, and yeast.
Procedure Microbial analysis was done by serial dilution and then inoculation of sample into YPD Media. Preparation of media
• Firstly media was prepared by weighing and mixing the ingredient.
• Media constituents are – casein 0.5 mg Yeast extract 0.25 mg Dextrose 0.1 mg Agar 1.5 mg
• Mix the constituent into distilled water to make it 100ml media.
• After that keep the mixture on hot plate until it becomes little transparent.
• Autoclave the media.
• Pour the media into petri plates inside laminar air flow.
• Allow it to dry at room temp.
Serial dilution and inoculation of sample
• Serial dilution was done up to 10^3 inside laminar air flow.
• Before one hour of your work, start the laminar air flow 's main switch or
Prelab week 1 Calculations Preparation of 1.5μmol/L mixed low-level standard dilution 150μmol/L × V1=1.5μmol/L × 10ml V1=(1.5μmol/L×10ml)/(150μmol/L)=0.1ml Conversion of milliliters to microliters (0.1ml×1000)μL= 100μL Preparation of 3μmol/L mixed low-level standard dilution 150μmol/L × V1=3μmol/L × 10ml V1=(3μmol/L×10ml)/(150μmol/L)=0.2ml Conversion of milliliters to microliters (0.2ml×1000)μL= 200μL Preparation of 3μmol/L mixed low-level standard dilution 150μmol/L × V1=7.5μmol/L × 10ml V1=(7.5μmol/L×10ml)/(150μmol/L)=0.5ml Conversion of milliliters to microliters (0.5ml×1000)μL= 500μL Preparation of the blank samples The volumetric flask will be filled to the mark with 150μmole/L of stock solution to act as blank (reference). Additional two blanks will
The serial 2-fold dilution were done with a volumetric pipette, its pump, and 10 mL volumetric flasks. Eight different solutions were produced, half of which came from Red 40 and the other half, from Blue 1. These different concentrated solutions were placed in a 10 mL volumetric flask, each labelled with either R for Red 40
I expect to learn the biochemical differences in bacteria from this lab. Also, how to identify different species of bacteria. Material & Methods For the first day of the practical, an unknown specimen was provided
Goals The primary goal of this experiment was to identify an unknown compound by running various tests to determine the qualitative solubility, conductivity, and pH value of the compound. Tests were also performed for the presence of specific cations and anions in the compound. The second goal was to discover the reactivity of the unknown compound by reacting it with different types of substances. The third goal of this project was to calculate the quantitative solubility of the unknown compound in water.
Purpose The purpose of this project is to test common sports drinks for their electrolyte content and compare the results to the electrolyte content in common fruit juices. Hypothesis If fruit juices were to be compared to sports drinks for electrolyte content, then orange juice would contain the most electrolytes. Materials orange juice sports drink (Gatorade, PowerAde, Generic sports drink)
Then it was left to boil under for 1hour. After which round bottom flask was removed from the reflux setup and held first under running room temperature water and then an ice bath until it cooled down enough to comfortably handle it. Next the cooled solution is poured into a 100ml volumetric flask and topped it off to the mark with denoised water. Subsequently, 20ml of this solution was pipetted into a conical flask. To this, 80ml of cold water and 15ml of 2M HCl was added to the conical flask.
The soda water will be stored in 5 different temperatures : 5℃, 15℃, 25℃, 35℃, and 45. The desired temperatures will be achieved by using the water bath and refrigerator. I chose phenolphthalein as the indicator, because it is commonly used for titration and is a weak acid. Phenolphthalein is usually used when the solution is strong base and weak acid. When it is added into an acidic solution, the solution will be colourless; when it is added into an alkaline solution, the solution will turn pink.
Abstract This experiment was carried out to determine the species of the unknown organism. Once a choice of the unknown was made a Gram stain was conducted to determine the gram nature and morphology of the organism which was Gram negative bacilli. Based on those results a citrate utilization test was performed resulting in a positive test. Following the flow chart the next test to conduct was a motility test which also had a positive outcome.
Equation 3.1 can be simplified to the following equation γ(t,m;m_m )= e^(α-βm)/〖(t+c)〗^p (3.2) Where a_0=a+bm_m , α=a_0 ln10 and β=b ln10 are defined. |γ_m (t,m;m_m )|=|∂γ(t,m;m_m )/∂m|=e^α/〖(t+c)〗^p βe^(-βm) (3.3) Where |γ_m (t,m;m_m )| represents the absolute value of the partial derivative of γ(t,m;m_m ), and it is the instantaneous daily rate density of aftershocks of magnitude m at time t following a main-shock of magnitude m_m. e^α/〖(t+c)〗^p denotes the mean instantaneous daily rate of aftershocks at time t following the main-shock of magnitude m_m. βe^(-βm) is the exponential probability density function of aftershock magnitudes.
Hydrogen ions greater than 10-7 mol/L is acidic and a solution that has a lower concentration would be alkaline. Studies have shown that soda water has a pH varying from 5-6 on the PH Scale. Titration is the point when the indicator changes colour and in the experiment phenolphthalein indicator was used and when it changed to a permanent pink that was classified as the titration point. The indicator known as phenolphthalein indicator is a colourless indicator but when used on an acidic mixture the indicator will stay clear it begins to change to a light pink when is reaches a pH of 7 and finally a changes to a dark pink when the pH is between 8.3 and 10 it is also commonly used during titrations experiments. Some factors that affect soda water is when CO2 in the soda water rise they expand in warm temperatures causing the drink to go flat and lose it’s effervescence, on the other hand in cooler temperatures the CO2 will still rise but not expand at the same rate allowing it to retain it’s effervescence some other factors are when they are stirred it arouses the CO2 and causes it to reach the surface faster making the drink go flat because the gas exits the water and is no longer part of the drink, but when not stirred this process
A 50 mL buret was obtained and was washed with NaOH solution. After filling the buret with NaOH (titrant) and preparing the KHP (analyte) in the Erlenmeyer flask, the solutions were titrated. The volume used from the NaOH solution was recorded. C. Determination of the Acidity of Soft Drinks First, the soft drinks were heated.
In each experiment the 250 ml flask contained 50 ml production medium and three factors namely ammonium sulphate, yeast extract and propylene glycol, were varied in their levels according to the design of the software. All other factors were kept constant (glucose 1 %, glycine 0.2 %, temperature 28 °C, pH 7.0, agitation rate 200 rpm). All the flasks were incubated at 28 °C in Kuhner incubator shaker. Samples were taken at 9
The instrument used to perform gas chromatography is called a gas chromatograph. 2. Analysis of compounds in alcoholic beverages Alcoholic beverages comprise of a wide range of volatile compounds, together with alcohols and short chain aldehydes. Gas chromatography can be used to analyse these compounds without preliminary extractions. Alcohols and aldehydes in alcoholic beverages can be monitored by capillary G.C or packed column G.C depending on target analytes and their concentrations since capillary columns offer efficient separations, capillary G.C is particularly beneficial in analysis of structurally similar compounds.
Reaction between Mentos and Fizzy Cold drinks Steven Griffiths Grade 9H Introduction This experiment is on how the different contents in 500ml Fizzy cold drinks react when Mentos Mint is added to it. This experiment showed me how bad fizzy cold drinks such as coke; Fanta etc. can be for you and what it can do to the insides of your body.
Abstract — This experiment was conducted to familiarize the students with the procedures regarding distillation—to be more precise, the separation of ethanol from an alcoholic beverage—using a distillation set-up consisting of boiling chips, a Bunsen burner, a condenser, a thermometer and several other materials. In the end, it was discovered that one may actually separate a homogeneous mixture, given that the components of said mixture differ in volatility and that they utilize a complete distillation set-up and follow laboratory safety rules and regulations. Keywords — Matter, homogeneous and hetereogeneous mixtures, distillation, volatility, boiling point I. INTRODUCTION There are typically two categories of matter, these are pure substances