ABSTRACT: Pantoprazole sodium is an antiulcer drug. This compound inhibits gastric acid formation and thereby it is very efficient for the treatment of gastric and duodenum ulcers. But pantoprazole sodium is acid labile drug that will degrade in acidic environment of stomach resulting in therapeutic inefficacy. Hence it is necessary to bypass the acidic pH of the stomach which can be achieved by formulating delayed release dosage forms (single unit or multiple units) by using different enteric polymers The present study was an attempt to formulate and evaluate enteric coated tablets for pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate. Different core tablets were prepared using different superdisintegrants (Sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium,
I plan to explain how calcium carbonate and calcium citrate supplements interact differently with levothyroxine and how the environment of the stomach and small intestine affects its absorption. Analyzing the neutral form of levothyroxine, there are three sites which have the possibility of being deprotonated. Deprotonation refers to the loss of a proton, or a hydrogen, by another chemical. For a site to be completely deprotonated and exist solely in that form, the base with which it is interacting must have a pKa at least three orders greater than that of the site on the molecule. Each of these three sites has a different relative acidity due to the structure of
Sodium valproate is considered as an epileptic drug that requires high adherence to reduce the risk of convulsive episodes in patients. II. In chronic disease state that will likely lead to long or short term complications if drug adherence is low. A long-term untreated diabetic
For example, antibacterial activity of cetylpyridinium chloride was decreased when magnesium stearate was used as lubricants in tablet containing cetylpyridinium chloride; this was due to adsorption of cetylpyridinium cation by stearate anion on magnesium stearate particle[9]. In one of the investigation, it was observed that dissolution of drug was decreased due to adsorption of drug on the surface of microcrystalline cellulose. In a similar context, adsorption of novel k-opoid agonist by microcrystalline cellulose led to incomplete drug release from the capsules. Adsorption may also initiate chemical breakdown. Colloidal silica was shown to catalyze nitrozepam degradation in tablet dosage form, possibly by adsorptive interactions altering electron density in the vicinity of the labile azo group and thus facilitating attack by hydrolyzing entities[10].
Docusate sodium 2. Docusate calcium Surface active agents that become emulsified with stool produce softer feaces and ease passage. They are often used for prophylaxis than for acute treatment. • Lubricant laxatives: 1. Mineral oil 2.
High concentrations of sulfate may induce diarrhea , intestinal disorder and cathartic effect of human health. High concentration of Sodium and magnesium sulfate is associated with respiratory
Sodium phosphate with pH 7 was used. Most common salts are ammonium sulfate and sodium sulfate. At low concentration of the salt, the solubility of the proteins usually increases because of salting in effect. When the concentration of salt is high, protein solubility will decrease then the protein will be salted out. When a large amount of salt
This difference of demineralized and remineralized groups is highly significant with P value of 0.00. In studies conducted by Narayana, Vinoth Kumar Deepa et al Remineralization capacity of calcium sodium phosphosilicate was assessed using high resolution Scanning electron microscopy. They both concluded that calcium sodium phosphosilicate containing tooth paste has the potential to remineralize initial enamel lesions and the latter observed that formation of a bioactive glass is very effective in remineralizing the enamel surface. This shows the similarity between the results of and Narayana, Vinoth Kumar Deepa present
Solutions such as isotonic saline or Ringer Lactate are least harmful when absorbed into the circulation. Although sterile water has many qualities of an ideal irrigating fluid, its disadvantages are extreme hypotonicity, shock, and kidney failure. Sterile water is an inexpensive alternative to isotonic saline for irrigation during PNL. Although we did not find any difference between the two irrigation fluids with regard to the safety for smaller calculi, its safety has to be confirmed with larger studies, especially for large
0.1 N Sodium thiosulphate solution 4. 0.5 % starch indicator Procedure: 1. Take an aliquot of the extracted fat of the sample in to a conical flask. 2. Then add 25 ml of the solvent and displace the air above the liquid with Co2.