Combustion Lab Report

For controlling the heating temperature of the catalyst presence in a reactor is done by a micro-processor based temperature controller. The gaseous products are produced after the oxidation reaction in a reactor is analysis by an online gas chromatogram (Nucon series 5765) equipped with a porapack q-column, FID detector and a methaniser for measuring of the concentration of CO and CO2. The oxidation of CO at any instant was calculated on the basis of concentration CO in the feed and product stream by the following equations: (XCO) = [(CCO)in - (CCO)out ] / [CCO]in = [(ACO)in - (ACO)out ] / [ACO]in --------------- (2) Where, the concentration of CO is proportional to the area of chromatogram ACO.

Celery started with a pH of 6.05 and dropped down to a pH of 5.03 after 30 drops that is not nearly as drastic as alka seltzer. But, it shows how celery does not have a buffer because of the drop in pH and is not able to create more hydroxide ions when acid is added. Liver started with a pH of 6.50 and after 30 drops the pH dropped down to 6.03 which means the drop in pH is only .47 and looks similar to the data of the positive control of alka seltzer. The data in this lab follows the hypothesis of testing the HCI of liver and celery, then liver will contain a buffer and celery will not. This conclusion can be drawn because of celery’s large drop in pH and the data’s resemblance to the water data meaning celery cannot hydrolyze ions and keep a constant pH. Liver’s pH only changed by .47 which is not a dramatic change and can fall within scientific error and strongly relates to the alka seltzer data.

The goal of the experiment is to synthesize a bromohexane compound from 1-hexene and HBr(aq) under reflux conditions and use the silver nitrate and sodium iodide tests to determine if the product is a primary or secondary hydrocarbon. The heterogeneous reaction mixture contains 1-hexene, 48% HBr(aq), and tetrabutylammonium bromide and was heated to under reflux conditions. Heating under reflux means that the reaction mixture is heated at its boiling point so that the reaction can proceed at a faster rate. The attached reflux condenser allows volatile substances to return to the reaction flask so that no material is lost. Since alkenes are immiscible with concentrated HBr, tetrabutylammonium bromide is used as a phase-transfer catalyst.

The trial one beeswax candle would have taken 136 minutes at 0.04 g/min or 2 hours and 16 minutes. The trial two beeswax candle would have taken a little longer to burn until it had no mass, with 152 minutes at 0.04 g/min or 2 hours and 32 minutes. One more piece of evidence that accepted the hypothesis was if both trial one and two palm candles were also left to burn until there was no mass left, the trial one palm wax candle would have taken 117 minutes at 0.07 g/min or 1 hour and 57 minutes. The trial two palm wax candle would have taken the longest to burn until there was no mass left with 220 minutes at 0.04 g/min or 3 hours and 40 minutes. Therefore, the types of wax being used in candles do burn at different

Explanation of the Reaction A combustion reaction is a chemical change in which a compound reacts with oxygen often producing energy in the form of heat and light.1 Candles make light by making heat, and all of the light a candle makes comes from the chemical reaction combustion. 2 Once you light a candle, the wax near the wix melts from the heat of the flame. The liquid wax is then drawn up the wick by capillary action.

Experiment 1: Materials: • Alka-Seltzer tablets • Empty and clean water or soda bottles (12 oz to 24 oz) • Balloons • Water • Clock • Stove top Procedure: 1. Pour a sufficient amount of water (about 16 oz) into a small pot and place on the stove at high heat. 2. Watch the clock and after 30 seconds take the water off the heat.

• Ignition location cannot be chosen optimally. • Spark plug electrodes can disturb the gas flow within the combustion chamber. • It is not possible to ignite inside the fuel spray. • It requires frequent maintenance to remove carbon deposits. • Leaner mixtures cannot be burned, ratio between fuel and air has to be within the correct range.

In physical activation, under passive atmosphere the material is carbonized, and as the activating reagent Use carbon dioxide or steam.while in chemical activation, different chemicals are used to help with the initial dehydration.(Toles et al., 2000) Activated carbon adsorption

If you conduct the catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in a closed vessel, you will be able to determine the reaction rate as a function of the pressure increase in the vessel that is caused by the production of oxygen gas. If you vary the initial molar concentration of the H2O2 solution, the rate law for the reaction can also be determined. Finally, by conducting the reaction at different temperatures, the activation energy, Ea, can be calculated as heat is the energy source. Catalase is very efficient at decomposing hydrogen peroxide; one molecule of the enzyme can catalyse the conversion of over 6000,000 hydrogen peroxide molecules into water and oxygen every second. The enzyme occurs widely in tissues such as the liver and prevents accumulation of, and tissue damage by, hydrogen peroxide that is produced during metabolism.

This reaction occurs through both oxidation and reduction. Oxidation is the process of a compound losing electrons by binding with oxygen. Reduction occurs when a separate compound accepts these electrons. In this particular experiment, the enzyme peroxidase, which is specified to break down hydrogen peroxide, will be used to catalyze the redox reaction. The substrates will be reduced guaiacol and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

The entire experiment is based on exothermic reactions and chemical decomposition. In the experiment, heat is introduced to the gunpowder inside the firecracker. When this happened the molecules of the gunpowder break down into simpler compounds, but at the same time release energy in the form of heat. The release of heat makes it an exothermic reaction. The new and smaller compounds are mostly in gas form.

The temperature of the experiment must remain consistent because when temperatures are low all of the enzymes that were involved in the catalysis converting CO2 to carbohydrates work slower and little to no photosynthesis is occurring. The opposite is true when the temperature is too high. The enzyme RUBISCO becomes decreasingly defective in fixing CO2 despite it not becoming denatured. So at too high or too low temperatures, there is little use of ATP and excited electrons restricting further photolysis. An improvement would be to use an acrylic and translucent sheet to act as a barrier between the experiment and the lamp.

Experiment 13.1 Purpose: To determine the ∆H of a chemical reaction. Materials: 2 Styrofoam cups, Thermometer, Vinegar, Mass Scale, Measuring tablespoon and ½ teaspoon, Lye, and Safety goggles.

Unknown 6- Isopropyl Alcohol We found that unknown 6 was Isopropyl alcohol. Its chemical name is isopropanol and the chemical formula C₃H₈O but is typically called isopropyl alcohol. Isopropyl alcohol is today used as a primary ingredient in rubbing alcohol. Is smells very unpleasant and is used for disinfecting pads used by medical professionals for tasks such as sanitizing small instruments, wiping down surfaces, and cleaning a patient’s skin before an injection.

The Cocoanut Grove fire was one of the deadliest nightclub fires in the United States I will be using this as an event that serves as a catalyst for change in the fire community, And I also believe it had a major impact and many positive changes when it came to the fire service and how we implement are regulations, codes, overall fire prevention and firefighting. But first I am really going to tell you what happened that night at the Cocoanut grove and how all these changes happened and what changes were done to the betterment of the fire service. Over 490 people were killed and hundreds injured at the night club. This massive inferno happened a little over 10:00 p.m. on November 28, 1942. The death toll was attributed to locked exit doors,