Authors Study objectives Population Involvement/theoretical model Results/Conclusions
Anagnostopoulos et al., 2012 Examination of associations between illness perception, self-efficacy, perceived benefits and barriers related to mammographic screening and its predictive value. N=408 (female, age group ≥40 years, no personal history of cancer) The Common Sense Model of Self Regulation (CSM + SRM) - theoretic standard for conducting research on health beliefs, disease representations and women’s habits to undergo mammograms. The results support bivariate significant associations between health beliefs with regard to breast cancer and certain representations of the disease which correlate with multiple benefits of mammographic screening, fewer
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Cameron L, Reeve J, 2006 Assessment of unique associations between risk perceptions and worries and attitudes towards genetic testing for breast cancer detection. N = 303 (62 1st degree relatives with a history of breast cancer in the family, 152 nurses, 89 students with no 1st degree relatives diagnosed with breast cancer) Common Sense Model of Self Regulation (CSM + SRM) Worries were associated with a greater interest in undergoing a genetic test, while the perceived risk was not related with the interest in being tested.
Cameron et al., 2012 Testing the effectiveness of a communication strategy N=749 adults CSM – used in testing the effectiveness of the strategy Providing information on the risk actions resulted in improved beliefs, lowered estimates of colon cancer risk, which yielded positive
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The difficulty they had in expressing their emotions prior to genetic testing contributed to a similar difficulty after they found out the result. Kaphingst A.K., Lachance R.C., Condit M.C., 2009 Analysis of the correlation between the beliefs about inheriting cancer and searching for information for own health and protective behaviors N = 5813 adults. CSM - adapting the model in the analysis Individuals who believed that information about genetic family history of cancer may reduce the risk of cancer were significantly more likely to be in search for cancer information. Heavy smokers who were convinced that genes were the main cause of lung cancer are significantly more likely to smoke
I agree. In some cases, knowing that you have a mutation and will be affected with the disease could be very emotional for an individual. One never knows how they will respond to the result and pretesting counseling may not fully prepare the individual for the result. One question that has been raised is should genetic counseling be allowed for diseases that are not treatable? It is thought that if an individual knows they will develop a condition that has no treatment it could cause psychological harm, stigmatization, and possible discrimination.
Sickle Cell Anemia a Negative and Positive Taylor Martin University of Missouri-Columbia September 23, 2015 Sickle Cell Anemia a Negative and Positive General Purpose: To inform my audience about Sickle Cell Anemia. Specific Purpose: As a result of my speech, the audience will be informed about Sickle Cell Anemia and how it can affect people. Central Idea: Sickle Cell Anemia has some negatives but, it can also be a positive in certain areas with the malaria virus. Introduction In America 70,000 to with sickle cell trait Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder that affects red blood cells.
For the “Let’s Do This” program focused on reducing and controlling childhood obesity and adult onset of type II diabetes in Point Mar, an instructional strategy – lecture, quiz, games, and brain storming will be utilized. This is based on the Social Cognitive Theory applied to health behavior, which is an evidenced based approach (DiClemente, Salazar, & Crosby, 2013). The reason for utilizing this strategy is that this approach is based on behavioral adaptations that will improve health within the community. In addition, the five key constructs of the social cognitive theory are; knowledge, perceived self-efficacy, outcome expectations, goal formation, and socio-structural factors (DiClemente, Salazar, & Crosby, 2013). Another reason is that this strategy is a multi-level intervention approach that is aimed at the individual and his immediate social environment (DiClemente, Salazar, & Crosby, 2013), which plays a huge role in the incidence of Childhood Obesity in Vista County, which “Let’s Do This” is striving
People might forget what they are pursuing for. However, if people have comprehensive cognition of themselves, they will make correct actions in their lives, but, people who are unaware of them are more easily lose their true selves through the process of psychological immune systems. In addition, people who have own opinions and thoughts are approaching successful because the psychological immune systems cause people mispredict the environment they face. Gilbert also assures “Ignorance of our psychological immune systems causes us to mispredict the circumstances under which we will blame others, but it also causes us to mispredict the circumstances under which we will blame ourselves” (134). The immune system makes people neglect what they truly feel, because when they face
Another issue that may arise, is the cost of these screenings, and how long it will take to see claims go down. Employers would need to pay for these screenings, and they may not see the benefit for quite some time. The goal of this essay is to persuade people to become educated about their health, and to take action to lead a healthier lifestyle. In order to be successful, this essay need to convince the reader that taking a health screening is a safe and effective way to learn about their health, and to save
I also agree with you that behavioral factors could affect someone 's health. Having control of your health is necessary. An individual should learn how to assess essential information regarding health to protect ourselves from misleading information that could lead us for being a victim of what we
When dealing with a specific method, there always has to be a clear theory that goes along with it. The Health Belief Model is the most used theory for health education and health promotion (Hayden, 2014). Hence is why we chose this theory to based off our program on. The concept focused mostly on the theory that health behavior is determined by personal beliefs or perceptions of a certain disease. Currently, there are seven constructs that are used in this model: Perceived Susceptibility, Perceived Severity, Perceived Benefits, Perceived Barriers, Cues to Action, Self Efficacy and Time Frame.
Social process theory has several subdivisions including: social control theory, social learning theory and social reaction (labeling) theory (will only focus on social control theory). Social control theory insinuates every person has the possibility of becoming a criminal, but most people are influenced by their bonds to society. It contends that individuals obey the law and are less likely to commit crime if they have: learned self-control, attachment (to family, friends, peers, education, etc.), commitment (to school, learning, etc.), involvement (in leisure activities, sports, etc.), and belief (those that are positive). According to social control theory, an individual is more likely to be criminal/deviant if they are detached and alienated (from friends, education, family, etc.),
Understanding the risk and protective factors of child delinquency is imperative in order to create and implement treatment and intervention programs. Because children’s behavior develops during the first five years, it is important to know what risk and protective factors could increase the likelihood of a child becoming a child offender (Wasserman et al., 2003). Moreover, overcoming the risk factors would help prevent the child offender from becoming a juvenile, and later, adult offender. As Wasserman et al (2003) stated, “risk factors for child delinquency operate in several domains: the individual child, the child’s family, the child’s peer group, the child’s school, the child’s neighborhood, and the media” (pg.1). As one can see, children are exposed to risk in partially every aspect of their lives.
Common sense is basically can be understood as follow. That is, when an individual is able to judge and able to understand certain matters that is already expected by majority of people in the society; without the need of any specific nor detailed explanation. As Miller (2017) have stated, there are mainly 2 philosophical term of common sense which have been derived from a philosophical debate. The first philosophical term is proposed by Aristotle.
I chose to use the Health Belief Model, borrowed from the behavioral sciences, which explain the health behavior of the individuals. According to Rosenstock (1988), Health Belief Model contains six constructs: 1) perceived susceptibility, 2) perceived severity, 3) perceived benefits, 4) perceived barriers, 5) cues to action, and 6) self-efficacy. Rosenstock, Strecher, and Becker (1994) describe perceived susceptibility as whether or not a person regards themselves as being susceptible to an illness or being harmed due to becoming or not becoming involved in a behavior. Perceived susceptibility motivates individuals to be vaccinated for flu and to use sunscreen to prevent skin cancer. Perceived severity is the personal belief of an individual about the
Some women because of their family history, a genetic tendency should be screened with MRI in addition to mammograms. Breast cancer risks of developing increases as they get older. You should check on your health frequently because if you detect cancer late you have a higher risk of getting all the side effects from cancer. Catching cancer late could have you going through tons of therapy and having to have your breast removed. Overall cancer reduction is to stay healthy and monitor your body.
The core assumptions of the Health Belief Model (HBM) are based on the premise that a person will develop a health behavior and is willing to take action to avoid the occurrence of the disease. Furthermore, the person needs to believe that they have the possibility of developing the disease, that they can avoid the disease, that the cost of the change outweighs the benefit and that the person can effectively implement the recommended behavior. Furthermore, the major concepts of the HBM are perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, cues to action and self-efficacy (de Chesnay and Anderson, 2016, p. 155-156). According to the Common Sense Model (CSM), when a health threat is perceived by the individual, they progress through three stages: (1) mental representations of the health threat; (2) coping actions or behaviors that help the individual cope with the health threat; and (3) how well the coping strategies manage the
The research team at Stanford Cancer Institute in California published their findings on how they have found genomic sequencing – a process that isolates genes that present high risk for disease – could be useful for determining a woman’s possibility of developing breast cancer. Mammography is the most common breast cancer screening method, where an X-ray of the breast is taken to check for tumors that would be too small to detect in simply just a clinical breast examination. The team working on the research looked to genomic sequencing where certain diseases can be identified through searching small sections of DNA. It has been claimed from past research that the genomes of women were sequenced and the genes ranked by risk and thus they
Patients must continuously adjust to the threat to their own identity: at first, when they find out the diagnosis, and later, to the treatment, to various physical symptoms and to the emotional distress. This adjustment is considered by the Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation, where the patient with cancer is considered to be actively seeking and processing the information about the disease, building his/her own cognitive and emotional representations with regard to the disease and finally selecting and applying those coping procedures that will help him/her face the threat of disease [14,15]. If the adjustment efforts that focus on the problem or on the emotion are inadequate or inappropriate, individuals will experience fear or worry, according to Leventhal’s Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation, which originally did not include worry and risk perception; these concepts were later included in the extended versions of the self-regulation framework