1.1 Background
Since 2002, international development agencies have considerably expanded their programs that are designed to improve the living conditions and reduce violence in conflict regions of Afghanistan. The perception that aid programs are not politically neutral and inevitably affect conflict dynamics is now broadly accepted by donors. In order to address this issue, the assistance agencies use a variety of tools and approaches.
The community based development (CBD) and community driven programs are the most rapidly growing approaches that are used for channeling the development assistance. The community based development term is used for the projects that actively involve beneficiaries in the selection, design and management. The
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The CBD approach is largely used by all international assistance agencies in conflict areas of Asia, including Afghanistan, Indonesia and the Philippines (Schuler, 2013). The demand for the CBC is driven by its potential to develop programs that are sustainable and responsive to the need of local communities. However, the potential gain and loss from community based development is a controversial topic among researchers. Some argues that CBD contributes local communities through distribution of power, raise the voice of poor; allowing the community to have control on development assistance, make the public sector more responsive, improve targeting poverty program, and strengthen the capacity of the villagers to initiate development activities (Mansuri, …show more content…
In order to evaluate the causal impacts of the CBD on the rural economy. This paper uses the agriculture productivity, asset acquisition, access to credit, household income, household expenditure and migration as outcome variables that will be affected by the CBD policy intervention in rural areas.
The empirical challenge is the potentially endogenous relationship between the implementation of CBD program and village characteristics. Assistance agencies, for example, may place projects in areas with high potential return or in areas with low potential return. Either way the result from the cross sectional estimation will be bias.
In order to test the efficacy of CBD program, the paper uses a randomized controlled trial to identify the causal effect of CBD intervention on rural economy. Specifically, using samples of 500 villages selected randomly. Out of 500 villages 250 villages selected to comprise treatment group, with the remaining villages assigned as a control group. The paper uses data collected by a national solidarity program through baseline, mid line, and end line surveys from 2007-2011. The data consist of 25,000 households from ten districts and six provinces that represent all ethnic of
This initiative brings back much-needed control to communities by promoting local agriculture and providing capital growth to these areas as well.4 Another possible solution in areas that are able to support
Stopping multinational corporations and privatization of national resources Columbia will help the poor rural people.
Physical capital is another issue for rural economic development. Rural communities lack financial resources to build and maintain reserve infrastructure capacity as is often needed with incoming companies. With the costs of building and maintaining infrastructure rising and
Philippines and Canada are two different economic spectrum. The former has historically struggled with poverty from the period of colonization to today’s rapid globalization with poverty incidence of 21.6% as of 2014 (PSA, 2016). Canada, on the other hand, has 9.7% rate of low income but majority of those are transitory. From 2005-2010, only 1.5% are considered in persistent low income (Statistics Canada, 2015 as cited by Lamman, & McIntyre, 2016). Beyond these numbers, there remains a grim reality that faced citizens within the poverty thresholds from both nations.
Households below the poverty line was 6.7 % more likely to suffer from food insecurity as compared to those whose income is above the poverty line (Lombe et al,
But also to give them resources to benefit their future. The funding shouldn’t be just money going towards fixing the problems, but materials and resources to help fix the problem while getting the community back on their feet. Putting money towards the problem wouldn’t make a big difference within the communities because the people of Attawapiskat, particularly the Chiefs, lack the education to know how and where the money should be spent. Although, the money could help different materials could make a change. The government can give the community an opportunity to build the needed housing with the provided materials or even the access to better water.
Passion 4 Community’s support, through both psychosocial counselling and facilitating enrolment in income generating activities, has proved successful in addressing the particular needs of the youths suffering from extreme poverty as a result of the conflict. A recent example of this can be illustrated by the assistance provided to a young girl aged 14 who was struggling to take care of her 5 siblings as a result of the loss of her parents, who both died of alcoholism following the conflict. When the psychosocial team initially intervened in this case, the girl was found to be extremely traumatized by her overwhelming responsibilities and she was suffering from a feeling of complete isolation. Weekly visits by the dedicated counsellors helped
”(Twelvetrees, 2001) It takes special skills to work within communities especially if the community is not very open to suggestions and the issue to be addressed is sensitive. To be effective in community work, it takes a collaborative effort and partnership to bring about changes and advance the community. When working with communities, the planned change model as developed by Kirst-Ashman & Hull (2009) is a tool that can be utilized.
He contends that when an individual or group is denied its major requirement for identity, security, acknowledgment or equivalent investment inside of the general public, extended conflict is inescapable. To determine such conflict, it is essential that needs that are debilitated be distinguished and along these lines rebuilding of connections or the social framework happen in a way that needs of all people and groups are suited (Burton John, 1991,p82). For instance, this model can be helpful in the cases of African conflicts, for example, that of Darfur, Burundi, Dr Congo and Rwanda conflicts, where there are limitations on opportunity and support of its nationals in political and monetary
A community, a complex term that often times elicits various feelings and definitions, generally implies that there are relationships between a group of people that share some common goals, values, the same geographical location, or, perhaps a way of life that reinforces one another. In a community, members choose to associate with, or connect to each other. However, it is only when we take a step back from the activities in our life’s, do we recognize reality and witness the social interactions that occur around us every day. The overarching purpose of this assignment was to go out into the community on two separate occasions to observe the social interactions- paying close attention to evidence of social networks, excluded or exclusive communities,
The CCDP, introduced from Japan in 1985, combined the methods of community development and community planning. In the CCDP, residents were encouraged to conduct meetings gradually and completely with sufficient time and resources, provided through abundant financial support. CCDP aims to actualize the vision of community work using a grassroots and gradual approach. It reconsiders local culture, promotes residents’ participation, repairs the community’s relation with nature, practices the value of mutual help and friendship, and develops community
Because of these issues, society should develop better strategies to help these people in need to eliminate the growing poverty level through the world. These strategies could include
Members of the treatment centre do not only have trouble with substance abuse but may have another problem along with it such as depression. Due to this, the therapeutic community model is the main model used because it is holistic. This model is also the main model used because the program not only focuses on helping individuals recover from substance abuse but also help them be able to become employed or go back to school when they set back out into the world. According to Mr. Jurawan, the centre wants to ensure individuals are able to get back up on their feet and have a better life. Evaluate the usefulness of the model(s) at the treatment center.
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BE A MECHANISM FOR EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT. FORTUNATA MULEKUZI REGISTRATION NUMBER: PG201401993 A CONCEPT NOTE SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNIVERSIDADE FERNANDO PESSOA AND OPEN UNIVERSITY OF TANZANIA 2016 Background to the Problem The phenomenon international relations emerged at the beginning of the 20th century largely in the West and in particular in the United States as that country grew in power and influence. Bloomfield et al.
They would be able to prosper in the village itself without having to think about migrating somewhere for their livelihood. Rural development in simple terms can be defined as the process of improving the quality of life and economy in the remote and rural parts of the country. These rural areas may be isolated and sparsely populated, but, in most cases, they offer a picturesque natural setting with a rich culture. These areas have generally been dependent on agriculture and natural resources for their economic upturn. Now the local communities are taking a wider perspective, where they are seeking economic growth through tourism.