Community Policing

The role of policing in our culture can be categorized in two broad models; crime fighter or public services role. These two models view policing in different ways as seen by society as a whole. The views of policing at stated by Pollack (2017), in with the crime fighter model focus on the “presumption is that criminals (who are different from the rest of us) are the enemy and police officers are the soldiers in a war on crime” (p.116). This view by police and society helps to formulate the style of policing they utilize leaning more towards force and not viewing all members of society as equal. The public servant view of policing described by Pollack (2017) as the “presumptions are different and include the idea that criminals are not so different from us and, in fact, may be our sons and daughters” (p. 116). This approach creates more of a protector for all people mindset with limited use of force and more fair treatment when working the beat.

Citizens want to feel safe in their neighborhood and the police officers want to apprehend the suspect before more victims are identified. If the police department and the citizens in the community work together it becomes beneficial for both sides, this is called community – policing. Community – policing is an example of crime prevention it’s about bringing the citizens and the police department together to collaborate in an effort to address the concerning crime problems within the community. Some examples of community – policing are: neighborhood watch, business watch, additional officers on foot patrol, bicycle or horse patrol are just to name a

Policing in this present day is defined as an individual or group of individual who prevent and detect crime within a community. Policing compares in many ways. They all attempt to provide services, keep the peace and reduce crime. Policing has evolved into something much more than what it used to be. Within this essay are the many different perspectives and how ethics were learned. Although it is questionable, that policing in America has different time periods. There is an agreement of three major eras of policing in America. Those three era's are, The Political Era, Reform, and Community Policing.

Problem solving is used to reduce offending in a community. It believes that crimes are caused by existing social conditions. It involves both law enforcement and the community in ways to reduce or prevent crime (i.e., neighborhood watch). The community is a very important aspect of this operational strategy. Departments need to do more to develop solutions with a partnership of the community. They have to gather knowledge of the crimes in the area and what the underlying causes of the social problems is. They must create a plan that works to deter crime, and assess the progress of those plans to see if it works or what needs to be changed. Because it is still a newer approach, all departments should (if they already haven’t), create a community policing division that focuses on what is going on in their community around them. Officers need to build trust between themselves and the communities they serve; which means, responding to the calls that are considered “non-emergency. This will help the community not only build trust, but hold the officers more accountable. These officers should encourage the community to be more involved in the prevention of crime. This will also help all communities, not just the big cities, feel more confident and comfortable in the system that serves them. There is currently so much tension between the police and the

Community work is an essential part of social work. It has been defined as “the process of assisting people to improve their own communities by undertaking autonomous collective actions.”(Twelvetrees, 2001) It entails getting the support of communities members to undertake projects or tasks that would be beneficial for the community. In community work, workers “operate as facilitators with people in relation to what those people decide to become involved with.”(Twelvetrees, 2001) It takes special skills to work within communities especially if the community is not very open to suggestions and the issue to be addressed is sensitive. To be effective in community work, it takes a collaborative effort and partnership to bring about changes and advance the community. When working with communities, the planned change model as developed by Kirst-Ashman & Hull (2009) is a tool that can be utilized.

This article demonstrates how Bill Bratton, as the Commissioner of the New York Police Department (NYPD) from 1994 to 1996, William J. Bratton fought crime throughout the city of Ney York with legendary achievement, leading a national revolution in attitudes toward policing. Bratton adopted a “broken windows”1 community policing strategy of zero tolerance for minor offenses and championed statistical analysis to prevent crimes before they occurred. In the 70s and 80s, as Bratton continued his career in policing, institutional theories seemed dominant. Nixon’s brand of “tough-on-crime” and “law and order” conservatism meant that community relations were largely ignored by police. In 1982, James Wilson sought to re-establish some balance. In

Historical commision reports have been extreemly useful for the fomration of future policy decisions. Looking at the similarities and differences in the circumstances that led to the formation of the Wickersham, Kerner, and Obama Commissions. Also, what were the similarities and differences in the reports ' recommendations. While the nuances of each report are different both in breath and scope the over arching theme of the three reports have very tangable and similar themes. Criminal activity and public outcry led to each of the commisions being formulated.

An ethical dilemma happens when two or more ethical principles conflict with one another. Ethical dilemmas are problematic situations in which it is not clear which choice will be the right one. The CP is stuck as to what to do next because there is not just one outcome that will satisfy the ethical principles as stated in the Singapore Association of Social Workers (SASW) Code of Ethics (Kirst-Ashman & Hull, 2012).

Community Oriented Policing is a philosophy that recognizes that crime problems are best addressed when the police and the community work together to identify and solve problems. Cooperation between civilians and police forces working together within communities across the country have successfully decreased drug-related crime. Community Oriented Policing is a philosophy that acknowledges that crime issues are best spoken when the police and the city work together to identify and solve problems. Cooperation between civilians and

American law enforcement influences can be traced back to the European model of law enforcement. Corruption was not born; instead it has been well documented back to France and England during the eighteenth century. The issues that both France and England encountered are very similar to modern day American police corruption. “The challenges of hiring morally sound people and providing morally sound workplaces are the most obvious” (Sherman, 1974). Law enforcement transgression was a solemn issue that has been dated back to the 17th century. Sherman (1974) describes the early corruption that:

Davis, J. (1998). Reinventing or repackaging public services? The case of community-oriented policing. Public Administration Review, 58, 485.

This research paper is based on police force whether misused or rightly used in daily activity as decided upon by societal views, news reviews, and scholarly points. The facts and or opinions of the subjects found within this paper are pointedly used as dictated by the reviewed sources and references. Throughout this paper there are points on the “injustices” declared by the public on the police force used in any certain situation; the reasoning behind explained events; the point of views of both the public and the police. I have reviewed the subject and decided on the direction of this paper, starting with the proposed title. The ending to the proposed title is “How to get the truth,” I see this as the question to be searched for, because

Throughout this chapter, it looks at the historical underpinning of the Police in England and Wales. There will be definitions of racism and ethnicity and looking at theoretical perspectives of institutional racism. There will be an introduction to the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales and a brief historical insight into the history of policing in England and Wales.

Drawing on Sir Robert Peel, they emphasize three major themes which have remained prevalent across time (Robinson and Scaglion 1987). First, the police are a part of the general population and some of the population make up the police force, the police reflect the general morals and values of the community they speak on behalf of (Robinson and Scaglion 1987). This relates to Durkheim because he emphasized the importance of having a police force which represent and protects the communities’ beliefs, he said this is essential for policing to work (Terpstra 2011). It is essential to him because as Sir Robert Peel also points out that the polices ability to function successful, depends on a significant amount of citizen involvement in individual-policing, for Durkheim it is critical to have this natural connection between the police and the population in which they protect (Robinson and Scaglion 1987; Terpstra 2011). Moreover, this enables the police to reinstitute social order in a proactive manor that would be difficult to obtain without these community connections (Robinson and Scaglion 1987; Terpstra 2011). Lastly, Sir Robert Peel highlights how the police are a representation and an expression of a democratic society (Robinson and Scaglion 1987). This demonstrates Durkheim’s concern about

Community Policing is the system of allocating police officers to areas so that they become familiar with local inhabitants. It is used to change the way police departments interact with the public, focusing on community concerns, including crimes. The idea of community policing is to work together to improve the life and quality in their neighborhoods. Community Policing emerged in the 1970’s with the goal to eliminate public disenchantment with police services and the criticisms of the lack of police professionalism (Fagin pg. 114). They identify and resolve issues which potentially affect the way neighborhoods live. Community Policing stresses prevention, early identification, and timely intervention to deal with issues before they become