Comparative Public Administration
3 Review of literature
3.1 The background and nature of Comparative Public Administration
Otenyo and Lind (2006:1) argue that the comparative approach of public administration has been around since the inception of government. Furthermore, ‘the significance of comparison cannot be accurately traced to a single event or country’ (Otenyo and Lind, 2006:1).
According to Rodgers, Greve and Morgan (1968), Comparative Public Administration is the study of two or more public administration systems and thereby drawing parallels from them mainly through the analysis of the operational systems in question with the aim of improving its performance. The misconception that the system of public administration could be applied throughout the world began
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Riggs. Riggs tried to understand the disparity between the administrative systems of developed and the developing countries. Also, Riggs found that the main reason for this uniqueness in the world is the environment that they are embedded in. Each country had a different environment setting which shaped the administrative system both from within and outside. Internally the administrators shape the administration and they are themselves a product of their culture, technology and environment and polity and the same set of factors impact it externally through systems and processes. The ecological approach states that organisations and their purposes exist in an interdependent substance. An ecological approach to public administration is based on understanding the interrelationship between the administration and everything that forms its environment. For example the interaction among the environmental factors (climate, flora, fauna, and topography), people (their knowledge and skills) and technology (physical and social) makes human existence possible. So understanding this factor and locating the functions of the government in this context will amount to having an ecological approach to public administration. However, this approach is extremely complex and demanding to apply into practical terms.
3.2.4 Philosophical Approach
According to Pandian (2010), the philosophical
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Therefore, according to Ong ‘Anya and Mwaruvie (2009); the study of the various methods of controlling administration in terms of the functionality of the administrations and the management of human resources also falls under the scope of comparative public administration and the study of institutions at international
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