Compare And Contrast Bowlby And Ainsworth's Attachment Theory

Most children are entering foster care in the early years of life when brain growth and development are most active. It is known that emotional and cognitive disruptions in the early lives of children have the potential to impair brain development. Child maltreatment during infancy and early childhood has been shown to negatively affect child development, including brain and cognitive development, attachment, and academic achievement. The experiences of infancy and early childhood provide the organizing framework for the expression of children 's intelligence, emotions, and personalities. When those experiences are primarily negative, children may develop emotional, behavioral, and learning problems that persist throughout their lifetime, especially in the absence of targeted interventions.

“The age of the adolescent plays a role on how much the child will be impacted by the transition to a stepfamily. Around the age of ten years old is when I typically see potential conflict between child and stepparent starting to form. Parents and stepparents must carefully think about the mental well being and health of the child being affected in the divorce process because it can be very traumatic for the children. If decision making is done appropriately than transitional family structure can be beneficial to the child,” Dr. Pitts said.

Studies show that it’s mostly affecting the emotional aspect because the child won’t have access to emotions because the brain never developed fully which cause PTSD. (Conger) PTSD impairs the child’s ability to reacher the social, emotional and academic milestones. Dr. Jack Shonkoff has come up with approaches and has found that “he could focus on social and emotional development.” The social aspect on the brain development is that when the brain does not grow fully it will cause issues later in their life and that is the same way for the other aspect too. It is important to let the brain

What is attachment theory? Attachment theory is based on findings from empirical research, from observational studies and from clinical examples; it’s a framework for understanding the nature of the enduring family bonds that develop between children and their parents - their attachment figures. The theory focuses mainly on relationships during early childhood, and the impact that these have on the emotional development and mental health of children as they grow up. Babies and toddlers have a powerful survival reaction to sense danger whenever they are in unfamiliar places and have no access to an attachment figure, preferably to their primary attachment figure (who is usually but not necessarily their biological mother). This sense of danger

Studies on the health, social, and psychological outcomes of transracial adoptive children portray how they will adapt to their new families (Thomas, 2016). Even if a child looks happy you may never know what happens at school or how they feel internally. Children may be bullied and face racial discrimination. Studies have shown that racial discrimination causes low self-esteem, stress, and depressive symptoms (Dolan, 2015). Another problem that could be involved with transracial adoption is child trafficking.

During the first couple years of children, it is a critical time for brain development. Every part of the brain is waiting to be programmed by experiences. The environments children are in will help determine the direction of their brain development. Children who are deprived or experience limited opportunities for appropriate experiences could become delayed in their learning part of life while children who have the opportunity to develop in an organized and correct environment are challenged to think and learn.

Attachment in early childhood is one of the most important ways that children develop and young children that are not given any attachment in early childhood can lead to major negative impacts that can affect them for the rest of their lives. We know that the first year of children’s lives impacts their development and learning as they grow. Caregiver’s can help infants and toddlers form attachments in various ways while they are in their care. According to Gonzalez-Mena and Eyer, “brain development research indicates that these early experiences, if repeated, actually form stable neural pathways” (2015, p. 95) and “these early connections in the brain are related to attachment experiences” (2015, p. 96).

2-3 years Weaning /change

During that time of their lives, they are so young when they start their first year; they have to make critical decisions, which affect the rest of their lives and sometimes others. Large amounts of work having to be done in a short period of time with expectations of high levels of performance. According the article, “Preventing Internalizing Problems in Young Children”, with the progression of internalized disorders in children, early intervention is important. Finding there are limited programs that impact both anxiety and depression. “The impact of emotional problems on children includes reduced adaptive functioning, interpersonal and relationship difficulties, academic problems, lowered self-esteem and social competence deficits” (Tennant et al., 2017).

Infants born before 37 weeks are considered premature. There are many influences of premature birth. However, the cause of premature birth is not always known, but common cause are external threats to maternal and fetal health including the mother’s use of drugs, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, poor nutrition and low weight gain. Also its physical stress, and lack of prenatal health care. For example, some mothers may not be aware during the first trimester.

One in four foster children report physical or psychological abuse by a foster parent every year. Children with disabilities or a past of abuse are at higher risk for maltreatment in their out-of-home-care (Font, 2015). The young child is at the greatest risk for disturbances in the developing brain if their environment lacks stimulating activities that are needed for physical, emotional, and behavioral growth.

Usually they require a speech therapist from a very young age. They may also find it easier to use simple sign language as a means of talking and this is known as a ‘Lamh’. Down syndrome children usually have mild learning disabilities which may mean when it comes to school they may need to be accompanied by a special needs assistant. As well as this they have short attention spans and therefore can only learn things within short sessions.

Unknown ≠ Scary A lot of kids in the world cannot get good educations on account of lots of reasons such as family financial problem and irresponsible parents. Kids are the future of a generation, the earlier kids receive educations the better they would learn in the future. The childhood is a experience of learning, little things that happens may influence a person 's life. Therefore, children 's book is a good way to educate kids when they are too young to get real education at school.

People Can Be Affected By Their Environment After Being Born A Certain Way When a newborn infant is welcomed into the world, it carries certain genetics from its mother and father. The child would have traits and characteristics that make them who they are and how they act throughout their life. They would also carry physical features that are similar to their parent’s. However, just because the genetics are transferred from one parent to a child, does not mean that the child will stay the same for the rest of their life.

Knowing when to test a person for FXS and what a test does is crucial. If a child shows developmental delays, family members show developmental delays or autistic features, female relatives have a history of ovarian insufficiency or premature menopause, it is a possibility that that person has FXS and should be tested (Carvajal & Aldridge 57). Symptoms of slow development in toddlers and infants are often observed before anything else. Delays in speech, emotional difficulties and being sensitive to certain sensations are some of the symptoms to look for (Cleveland Clinic). There are several tests that determines if a person has FXS or not.