Communities in egypt and mesopotamia were very different in culture and in their rivers which i'm going to compare and contrast below. Also both are very similar in culture and rivers although one of them benefits more from the establishing their civilization around a river.
In mesopotamia and egypt the rivers were very important to the civilization but had many problems and benefits that went with it. I believe that egypt has the better river for there country. One difference between the two rivers is the predictability on when they flood. For egypt it says they were blessed with the more reliable river because “the nile overflowed its banks predictably every year on the parched ground of autumn after august 15.” whereas for the euphrates river in mesopotamia
…show more content…
When the euphrates river flooded it flooded high over the floodplain ending up very destructive. “ its waters could be used to breakout canals and also kill crops and caused lots of damage.” In egypt they didn't have the same problem because they're waters overflowed at different time than the euphrates so were able to prepare. Although both egypt and mesopotamia benefited in different ways. For egypt they were “left with rich sediment and withdrawing by early october leaving little salt or marsh just in time for the sowing of winter crops”. So for egypt they benefited with fresh sediment for new crops to grow. For mesopotamia they benefited from a different way. “its flooding sometimes was needed to drain of water from irrigation when river was low but could also be very destructive when banks reinforced it was aqueductaly blocked. Also the nile river is a lot easier to navigate than the euphrates river.” So
Ancient Egypt was one of the four preeminent river civilizations in history along with Tigris river and Euphrates river supporting Mesopotamia, China on the Yangtze and India on the Indus. These successful early civilizations actively relied on the rivers for various resources and Egypt was the ultimate testimony. Egypt would just be dry desert land lacking the rich culture of intelligent inhabitants that developed their own literature, machinery, theories, and unbelievably accurate mathematical and astronomical equations/facts if it weren 't for the Niles existence. Without the Nile’s annual flooding cycle enriching the soil with silt, their fruitful agronomics would not have been attainable.
To begin, typically between June and September, the river would flood its banks. Since there is little rainfall in Egypt, this yearly flood would allow moisture back into the soil, improving the conditions for farming. This area of land “along the banks of the Nile [is called] the Kemet, or Black Land.” It is noted that “the land along the banks of the Nile River were extremely fertile.” In addition, the Nile River acted as a natural highway, creating opportunities to trade goods by water.
The Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia were even different from each other. The Tigris has a greater volume than the Euphrates, and was more prone to floods. Because of this, the Euphrates was the main source for the Sumerian irrigation systems. All the same, the Tigris was essential. Its greater bulk is caused in part by its higher silt content, which, after floods, allowed the Sumerians to farm.
In ancient times, you were unable to control the river, so if it flooded, people went along with it. Now Egyptians had the Nile. It flooded annually at about the same time of year, and was very predictable. It covered the land in silt. Ancient Sumerians, however, were located in between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
The last 750 miles in Egypt of the more than 4000 miles of the Nile River that started deep in Africa was crucial to the development of Egyptian civilization. Almost every year from July to November, the Nile River overflowed because of torrential rains. Sometimes the Nile River flooding would lead to great devastation rather than agricultural prosperity if the flooding waters were exceptionally high. The river flooding cycle was important to agricultural productivity as Egyptian agriculture was dependent on the soil silt that resulted from the flooding process. Once the flooding stopped and the river went back down in its banks, a lot of fertile silt covered the surrounding land.
Every year in the spring, the Tigris and Euphrates would flood. These yearly floods would completely destroy the irrigation system the had been set up the year before. Because of this, the canals would have to be rebuilt every year after the flooding was over. It is believed that both the marshes surrounding the river and the river itself had high salt levels. This would have caused lots of build up of salt in the soil around the rivers, and may have ultimately led to the downfall of the Mesopotamian civilizations as a whole.
Once early human found out that the Nile was much more gentle, calm, and bountiful than the Tigris and Euphrates rivers the Nile became a gift to all people (p. 63). The soil produced from the annual floods was light, fertile, and the sun of this region was also available making harvest large and valuable (p. 64).
The land along the Nile and delta was arable and very good for farming, while the rest of the land was dry like a desert. (Document 2-1) So, the land near the Nile became the perfect environment for a civilization to commence. Although the Nile floods provided silt, allowing crops to grow, the floods also destroyed villages and killed many people. Despite this, so much success was found in Egypt because of Nile River.
With the rivers located just by ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, both civilizations’ culture depended on agriculture, and were formed around agricultural communities which supplied them with food. In Egypt, the annual flooding of the Nile contributed to their development in agriculture, while Mesopotamians depended on the Euphrates river, which was less dependable than the Nile because of its unpredictable flooding. The flooding of the two rivers in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia left a fertile layer of soil, making it easier to plant crops and allowing both communities to depend on their rivers for
Ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt were two early human civilizations that lived during the bronze age in harsh desert environments located not far from each other. Both civilizations were built around rivers that they depended on for survival. There is evidence that these rivers had great influence on both the societies politics and culture. Egypt was built around the very strong and reliable Nile River. Ancient Mesopotamia was established in the fertile crescent between the less reliable Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
During this time farmers tended their fields, dug irrigation canals into the Nile so they could water their fields. The way the flooding of the Nile deposited the nutrients on top of the soil all their ploughs had to do was break up the topsoil before they planted the seed. Instead of having to turn over soil like heavy ploughs in other
The Egyptian Middle Kingdom and Babylonia had many similarities related in geography. Despite this they also had numerous distinct differences. Fundamental similarities manifested as care for the people by the rulers which had recently developed in both societies. As the rulers were no longer concerned with only themselves, but the citizens as well. Both societies had military protection although Babylon organized and conquered the Fertile Crescent and later Egypt.
The Nile River Flood cycle chart explains that there is three seasons, a planting and growing season, a flooding season, and a harvesting season (Doc B). This justifies that the flood cycle provided water from the flood season and when they were done harvesting it there was food . The map of Egypt circa 1500 BCE illustrates that all of the important cities and settlement were surrounded by the Nile (Doc A). In the picture the river went straight down the map with the cities on both sides right up against it (Doc A). This certifies that there was a lot of water for bathing, irrigation, and drinking.
Some years the flooding would bring great amounts of water to the crops along the Nile and others it would bring great drought. It also left behind silt that would improve the quality of the soil. The Nile River provided a source of fresh water in the middle of a desert as well as a source of transportation which allowed Egypt to be one the river valley civilizations. 2. What was the Neolithic Revolution?
The majority of cities like Beni Suef, Sumulat, and even the state capital Cairo are placed alongside the longest river, The Nile River. The Nile river is a river starting at South Africa and leads its way north up to the Mediterranean Sea. The fact that many cities are places alongside this river comes with many advantages for Egypt’s agricultural production. Back then during Ancient Egypt many thought of the very dangerous and negatively effective floods of the Nile as blessing of the gods, rather than disaster. This is because even now, floods created by the Nile River increase the fertility rate of the soil.