Compare And Contrast John's Fear Of Dogs And His Subsequent Behavior
Certainly, let's delve deeper into each of these behavioral concepts to provide more information on John's fear of dogs and his subsequent behavior: 1. **Classical Conditioning:** This theory, proposed by Ivan Pavlov, suggests that a neutral stimulus (such as a dog) can become associated with an unconditioned stimulus (something that triggers a natural response, like fear) through repeated pairings. In John's case, if he had any negative experiences involving dogs during his childhood, even if not consciously remembered, those experiences could have triggered fear responses. Over time, encountering dogs would lead to the conditioned response of fear due to the association formed. 2. **Operant Conditioning:** Proposed by B.F. Skinner, this …show more content…
**Observational Learning:** Albert Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes learning through observation and imitation of others. If John observed people around him displaying fear or avoidance behaviors around dogs, he might have internalized those behaviors as well. This could have contributed to the development of his own fear and avoidance responses, even without a direct traumatic experience. To provide a more well-rounded answer, it's advisable to consult reputable sources on psychology and behavioral theories, such as textbooks, peer-reviewed articles, or academic journals. This will help you accurately reference the information and provide a thorough explanation of John's fear and behavior based on the behavioral perspective. John's fear of dogs and his subsequent avoidance behavior can be explained through the behavioral perspective, specifically drawing from concepts such as classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. While no specific traumatic event is mentioned, John's fear might have developed through classical conditioning. If he had any early negative or fearful experiences with dogs, even if not consciously remembered, they could have triggered an automatic fear
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Little Albert Experiment: A Case Study Of The Little Albert Experiment
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1701 Words | 7 PagesBehavior therapy was studied by Ivan Pavlov and his famous dog study in which dogs were conditioned to salivate upon hearing a bell. It was later continued to be studied by John Watson who has the famous “Little Albert” study in which an 11-month old infant was conditioned to be scared of fuzzy white things because a rat was paired with a loud noise. The conclusion of the two conditioning experiences was that, behaviors followed by satisfying experiences tend to increase in frequency and behaviors followed by aversive experiences tend to decrease in frequency” (Thoma, 2015). Watson’s assistant Mary Jones, used this principle to clinical applications reasoning that, “if conditioning could be used to induce a phobia, perhaps it could be used to undo a phobia as well” (Thoma, 2015). Thus, behavior therapy was developed and began being used for
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746 Words | 3 PagesFrom that, he learned about the generalization of classical conditioning, which was that fear could be broadened to more than one thing or subject just by association. For example, since they conditioned Little Albert to have a fear of the white rats in the laboratory, he developed a fear of anything that seemed to be similar. They tested him on five things: a white dog, a white rabbit, a fur coat, cotton wool, and a Father Christmas mask. Even though these three things were never paired with the loud noise; they all cause the same conditioned response as the white rats. This was what they found out through generalization.
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250 Words | 1 PagesIn 1920, Watson and Rayner used infant Albert B. “Little Albert” in an unprecedented experiment of conditioned fear (Watson & Rayner, 1920). Little Albert was discharged from the experiment as an infant and his real identity and welfare remained a mystery until Beck, Levinson & Irons published their identity findings in 2009 (Beck, Levinson, & Irons, 2009). According to Beck et al. (2009) , Little Albert (Douglas Merritte), had developed hydrocephalus after the study and died.
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2548 Words | 11 PagesIntroduction Learning enables you as an individual, to gain more knowledge about something which you have never learned about. Learning also has to do with past experiences which are influenced by behavioural changes (Weiten, 2016). There are different types of ways to learn; through, classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning which will be discussed and analysed in the essay. Behaviourism Behaviourism is considered one of the main subjects in psychology and the two main people who founded behaviourism were, Burrhus Frederic Skinner, also known as B.F Skinner and Ivan Pavlov who were famous for the work they did on classical and operant conditioning (Moderato & Presti, 2006). According to Moderato and Presti
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1272 Words | 6 PagesAlex was conditioned to react in a passive manner when confronted with any action that could be considered ultra-violence. Classical conditioning experiments have been performed on humans with a large degree of success. One of the most notable and most controversial classical conditioning experiments done on humans was Watson’s “Little Albert” experiment. This experiment was conducted to test the fear response in humans. The experiment started off by introducing Albert to several animals, a white rat, monkey, bunny and a dog (Creelan).
Definitions Identify And Explain The Development Of Phobias
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