The latter consists of the base structures needed for the said societies production and operation; structures such as transport, energy and healthcare are part of the infrastructure. Institutions such as the justice system, military and family, among others, make up the superstructure. Marx viewed the 'state' as being in a relationship with society as one of control and subservience, respectively, therefore creating conflict. In Marx's theory of the state, he postulates the terms of mode/means of production, where the labour force are oppressed by the elite and owners of the production. He conferred that there were different stratifications, which formed economic bases, creating an ideological superstructure which consisted of juridical and
Guy Debord was a Marxist critic who responded to the rise of postmodernism. Debord was a neo-Marxist who maintained the basic framework of Marxism, which was structured around class and production. Although Debord enhanced the framework to take into consideration the shift to a society that was focused on mass media and consumption. Consumer capitalism, where the main aim is to make as much money though manipulation as possible is the main driver of social control. Capitalism creates a world full of images and varieties of entertainment.
Karl Marx famously states, "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles." This chapter points out the bourgeois’ position through private ownership of land, exploiting the proletariat. We often see throughout our earlier history the oppressor and oppressed against each other and in some instances it is seen more than others. Marx first describes the proletariat and bourgeois history. As the bourgeoisie developed in society the proletariat did too.
A group that criticized the economy and cultural foundations of the day. Which began Marx ideas came from the ideas of Hegel and learned the way of thinking about the world and the surrounding fluidity complexity, which is referred to dialectics. Marx study of capitalism was mainly philosophical that was both dialectical and materialistic. With dialectics interactions and changes are more focuses and emphasized on and viewed
“The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles”. Karl Marx used the word “struggle” repeatedly for the social changes in describing how society move forward. In his theory, a commodity is something that is bought and sold, or exchanged in a market. It has a “use – value” determined by the qualities of things and the purposes or needs because the commodity can satisfy human’s need and it also has a “exchange – value” determined by quantities of things and what can be gotten for them. As use – values, commodities have all of different qualities, but in terms of exchange – values, they are just different quantities and do not contain the use – value.
The term class struggle refers to the ideology of Karl Marx, which stated that there would be conflicts of interest between the working class and the ruling class in a capitalist society. Ironically enough techniques like the Brechtian forms mentioned above, was abetted or supported elites and social scientists whose interests were mainly on forms that posed threat to power
As mentioned previously Feminists link Frankenstein to several gender inequality issues, like Elizabeth being dependent to Victor. Marxist, however, link it to the everlasting conflicts between the Bourgeoisie and the Working Class – Victor ‘owning’ the Creature.
Marx’s theory of history describes the journey of society through six distinct stages: primitive communism, slave society, feudalism, capitalism, socialism, and communism. Engels and Marx believed that these stages of history were driven from one to the next by a series of class struggles between the oppressors and the
In the discussion of social inequality, one cannot leave out the sociological theories and models proposed by Karl Marx and Adam Smith. Generally, social inequality refers to the presence of unequal treatment, opportunities and rewards tied to people of various social standings within the hierarchy of a community group or society. Some common types of social inequality include wealth and income disparity as well as social class stratification. For Marx and Smith, both had explored the various types of social inequality in society. To begin with, Marx mentioned “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.” (Marx, 1978, p. 473).
There is much interesting in the debates of the critical legal scholars relating to Marxism. One of them, Roberto Unger, argued that the Marxist theory of revolution was undermined. Marx was the first who developed the concept of class struggle also called “The Conflict Theory”. There are three factors that are crucial for the Marxist theory of capitalism. Firstly, it is a condition whereby the worker owns only his labour and none of the means of production.