Both poor whites and free African Americans encountered many difficulties in the South. To start, around 30 to 50 percent of all southern whites were landless. Poor whites were given limited opportunities due to slaves working their jobs. Because the poor white people had limited opportunities, many had to search for work such as working as a farm laborer at harvest time and being a tenant farmer. Many of the poor white men and women worked beside black slaves in the fields. The poor whites set up the clandestine trade, where they gave slaves liquor, helped slaves escape, and some whites were executed for planning slave revolts. In the South, there were about 250,000 free blacks. The Black Codes, or laws concerning free black people, gave free
The landowners took advantage of their tenants by overcharging for land and underpaying for the crops. The tenants began falling deeper into debt. They could not leave until they paid off their debt, which was nearly impossible. Although former slaves had been freed, they were still facing many struggles in free life. America’s plan for reconstruction had good intent, but did not give African Americans the equality they deserved.
Before the Civil War most business that was conducted was done by free blacks. Free blacks living in the South often supplied enslaved blacks and other free blacks living in very low social economic situations with merchandise on a very small scale. For example, in 1833 Solomon Humphries owed a small grocery store in Macon, Georgia. He was worth about twenty thousand dollars and had more credit than anyone in town.
Slaves only represented three percent of the population and unlike other areas, these slaves or blacks had rights. In other locations, slaves were limited to what they were allowed to do. They usually were not allowed to vote, own land, and make money. However, in New England, the blacks were allowed to own their own land, make money by working, and file lawsuits against white individuals. The free blacks were able to obtain occupations, such as being farm hands, personal servants, and
Well, I think she means that yes we are free still we struggle to get our rights and respect. This was the era of Reconstruction. African Americans define freedom by their experiences as slaves and their observation of the free society around them. However, United States had an assignment to rebuild the literal and political landscape of the South. Provided federal troops who had once attacked the rebel states were now ruling over them until local governments could be established.
= Russell Low Professor MacGilvray USSY 293Q February 9th, 2023 Assignment #5 - Appropriated Nationalism Antonín Dvořák’s view of “plantation songs” complements Fredrick Douglass’ view because both Dvořák and Douglass distinguish plantation songs as a medium to communicate the sorrows of slavery. For example, in My Bondage and My Freedom, Douglass expresses plantation songs’ ability to exhibit the emotional nuances of the struggles of a slave: “They (plantation songs) were mostly of a plaintive cast, and told a tale of grief and sorrow. In the most boisterous outbursts of rapturous sentiment, there was ever a tingle of deep melancholy.” Douglass exhibits plantation songs' ability to convey the complexities of slave attitudes.
In the mid-nineteenth-century, the economic power switched in the South from the “upper South” to the “lower South,” which was expanding agriculturally. This switch resulted in the growth of a cotton-based economy. Economically, the change from cultivating tobacco and rice to cotton helped immensely. The high demand for cotton led to tremendous profits in the South and this drew the population to move to the prospering agricultural lands. The increase in cotton farming made African American slaves a necessity to the white males.
After the Civil War, the second Industrial Revolution swept the US and the country began to flourish. Baring the economic prosperity, many Americans grew the urge to expand overseas. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, foreign policy was the hot topic among citizens and government officials. There were two sides to the argument; some Americans pushed for the aggressive foreign policy while others favored for the US to keep their nose out of foreign affairs. Notable figures in government took bold stands for and against foreign affairs.
During this time period, blacks had many different statuses. Some were slaves forever, some were like indentured servants. They were allowed to actually own property, get married and after they served their time they were freed. Slaves were at the bottom of the social order but the individuals above them were not much better. The white people that were poor did not have as many hardships because they always thought at least they were not slaves, even though they were towards the bottom of the social structure.
American history marked specific and different strategies that helped support the achievement of racial justice, having faced mixed reactions and responses. With the Civil Rights Movement using nonviolent tactics and receiving support from organizations such as the SCLC and SNCC, with the Black Panther Party advocating for revolutionary socialism, Reactions varied and differed among individuals and groups, with some offering support and others offering opposition(Doc 6). In spite of these differences, both movements played significant roles in the advancement of the cause of the civil rights movement in the United States. In the 1960s, the movement for civil rights for African Americans was characterized by a variety of approaches, supports,
The effects of black discrimination have haunted the nation for centuries. Despite cover-all acts and amendments, there have always been ways around anti-discrimination laws. Even following Union victory, some southerners withheld slaves until troops were at their doorsteps. The Black Codes, laws that outlined the rights of African Americans, are perfect examples. These Codes, were lists of societal restrictions meant to keep whites on top.
While Reconstruction after the Civil War seemed to have promise for former slaves, there were still many hardships. President Andrew Johnson’s leniency with the south during this decisive period allowed for there to be debate over what the fate of freed slaves should be. Some believed that continuing to work in the fields they were once slaves in was the best option for blacks because of their past as field workers, while others believed that there were more options for blacks than just farm work as seen in the schools built in the south for the black population by the Freedman’s Bureau. However, the question still remained as to what freedom for blacks truly meant. People’s opinions on what freedom for ex-slaves needed to be depended exclusively on their race and their socioeconomic status.
Have you ever wondered how life was for the slaves in the South? Slaves in the South suffered through many consequences. For example, they suffered through many whippings with cow skin if they didn't obey their master, they also got separated from their family mostly the fathers, so, they can be sold to a very mean slave owner. Even if they were living a miserable life on the farms, they had their own culture and they managed to even get married in the farmland or where they worked. Not only did the slaves live on the farm.
The ability to read and write is both creative and destructive. This ability opens your eyes to the world and how beautiful it can be. It also has the potential to destroy your entire grip on reality and expose you to the actual world you live in. It imprisons you yet, releases you from your mental confinement. Some people never escape from this confinement, some do; and those who escape sometimes go on to do great things in life.
Both Frederick Douglas and Malcolm X were born into situations where they did not know much about or interact frequently with their parents. In Frederick Douglas’ case, he was separated from his mother when he was an infant, and he only saw her a few times when he was very young (Douglas 13-14). When it comes to Douglas’ father, all he knew of him was that he was a white man who may or may not have been his master (Douglas 13). Malcolm X ’s
Pertaining to the rights of African Americans a new south did not appear after the reconstruction. While they were “free” they were often treated harshly and kept in a version of economic slavery by either their former masters or other white people in power. Sharecropping and the crop-lien system often had a negative impact on both the black and white tenants keeping them in debt with the owner. Jim Crow laws, vigilantes and various means of disfranchisement became the normal way of life in the South. It was believed that white people were superior to black people and when they moved up in politics or socially they were harassed and threatened.