His approach of studying the development of the human mind was a synthesis of ideas drawn from biology and philosophy. He looked at human beings as biological organisms who must adapt successively to their environment. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development revolutionized the study of children’s cognitive development and it has undergone some revisions over the years. It also provides a set of basic principles to guide our understanding of cognitive development that are found in most recent theories. Piaget believed that in order to adapt successively to our changing environment, we are always actively trying to make sense of our experiments.
The second aspect is the cognitive development which related to Piaget’s theory. Piaget’s theory is all about the cognitive development of childhood. Piaget was interested in how the child learns things and in the way the child think, so he studied the child from infancy to the adolescence. Also, Piaget believed that all the stages are universal, and every child in the world will go through these stages. The third aspect is the social development which can be explained by Erickson's theory.
Introduction Developmental psychology makes an attempt to comprehend the types and sources of advancement in children’s cognitive, social, and language acquisition skills. The pioneering work done by early child development theorists has had a significant influence on the field of psychology as we know it today. The child development theories put forward by both Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson have had substantial impacts on contemporary child psychology, early childhood education, and play therapy. In this essay, I aim to highlight the contribution of these two theorists in their study of various developmental stages, the differences and similarities in their theories, and their contributions to the theory and practice of play therapy. Jean Piaget Jean Piaget was born in Switzerland in 1896.
Vygotsky saw the capacity of a child to learn through instruction as central and believed that culture and social interaction are paramount in cognitive development, he said that cognitive development entails children internalizing approaches learned from participation in joint problem solving with more skilled partners (MKO) who bring the intellectual tools of society within the reach of the child (Woodhead et al. 1998). This is done through “Scaffolding”, the process of the aforementioned “more knowledgeable other” providing support and guidance for the child to reach their full
Modern developmental psychology owes an enormous amount to the work of Lev Vygotsky. The research that his theories continue to generate has far reaching implications for education and parenting, providing a valuable insight into children’s development. By challenging the behaviourist paradigm of the time, that children were merely passively responding to stimuli (Skinner, 1957, as cited in Lawton, 1978), Vygotsky opened new avenues of thought into the internal processes that governed children’s behaviour (Gredler & Shields, 2008) and the important influence of culture in raising a child. Vygotsky believed that children are born with certain innate abilities such as sensation and undirected attention, which he called ‘elementary mental functions’ (Vygotsky, 1962). These were considered to be merely reactions to the child’s immediate situation rather than an attempt to communicate or achieve goals.
There are some similarities between Sigmund Freud’s psychosocial theory and Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory. Both have their own on personality development . the theories are separated into stages of person’s life. Personality developed over time as a result of interaction between child’s inborn drive and response with the key person in the child’s world. The child’s personality depends on a successes in going through all
Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual theory and Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory are two important psychoanalytic theories on human development that could be used as a basis in the explanation of human development. Even though both theories have similarities, there are also differences. I also feel that these must be used only as a base in understanding human development. Though Erikson’s theory were greatly influenced by Freud’s theory and based on many of his ideas, he had his own ideas on development. We will now discuss in further detail.
Early Childhood Education : Role of Technology Abstract Early childhood education (ECE) is a type of educational program which relates to the teaching of young children in their preschool years. It consists of many activities and experiences designed to assist in the cognitive and social development of preschoolers before they start elementary school. In most early childhood programs and schools, technology will be part of the learning background of the future. To make sure this new technology is used effectively, we must assure that teachers are fully trained and supported. In this paper, theoretical perspectives of child development are discussed with the basic elements of learning program.
(2007) that the behavioral concepts of learning have had a deep influence on educational systems and training programs. As Sleezer, Conti, and Nolan point out, HRD professionals rely on behaviorism’s emphasis on the rewards and stimuli that learners receive from the environment, the systematic observation of behavior, and relating newly acquired information to previous learning and experience (as cited in Merriam et al., 2007). More specifically, the value of behavioral philosophy and guidance may be traced to applications of workplace training and education programs used by designers to create behavior-based objectives that are demonstrated by students as evidence of learning and changes in behavior (Greeno, Collins, & Resnick, 1996). Viewing learning as the product of responding to stimuli in the environment is central to behaviorist approach. This concept can be applied in different aspects relevant to workforce education like instructional designing.
Theories and frameworks for development are important for learning support because it is where people can look at behaviour, achievements and results. Theories about child development were developed many years ago. Child development research is ongoing and new information is emerging all the time. It is important for anyone who works with children and young people to keep up to date with developments and to put these new ideas into practice. Some of the theorists include: Freud- a psychoanalytic, he believed that a personality is built in 3 parts, ID, Ego and superego Skinner- operant conditioning.