Chaptar-1
1. What is a Computer?
Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as input from the user and processes these data under the control of set of instructions (called program) and gives the result (output) and saves output for the future use. It can process both numerical and non-numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations. The basic components of a modern digital computer are: Input Device, Output Device, and Central Processor. A Typical modern computer uses LSI Chips.
2. History or Background of Computer:
Charles Babbage is called the "Grand Father" of the computer. The First mechanical computer designed by Charles Babbage was called Analytical Engine. It uses read-only memory in the form of punch cards. Four Functions about computer are:
|accepts data |Input | |processes data |Processing | |produces output |Output | |stores results |Storage |
Input (Data):
Input is the raw information entered into a computer from the input devices. It is the collection of letters, numbers, images etc. Process:
Process is the operation of data as per given instruction. It is totally internal process of the computer system. Output:
Output is the processed data given by computer after data processing. Output is also called as Result. We can save these results in the storage devices for the future use.
First Generation Computers (1940s – 1950s)
First electronic computers used vacuum tubes, and they were huge and complex. The first general purposes
Information in the RAM can be read and written quickly in any order. Usually the RAM is emptied every time the computer is turned off. It is known as 'volatile memory'. 1.8.2 ROM (Read-Only Memory) ROM is a memory chip where crucial system instructions (BIOS) are permanently stored. The data held on ROM can be read but not changed.
Components Computers have one or a lot of big or small R-A-M chips inside. RAM chips are a random access memory chip inside, the computer uses it to store information that will be used anytime or used to store something like the copy clipboard(The copy clipboard is the thing that stores what you copy to paste later) to delete/change later. There is also a spinning or solid state hard drive that uses DVD like disks that stores information like your video games, pictures, or other things. A CPU is the thing that your computer uses to do all the processing work, like our brain but not like it. CPU stands central-processing-unit.
On the other hand, ROM stands for Read Only Memory. The computer uses ROM to ‘boot up’ the BIOS. ROM is a type of memory that maintains its data even without the power so when the computer id switched off, it will not lose its
3. Why do the authors consider the issues they do raise to be ones that has not been “solved” by the field of special
For the purpose of
Grand, Middle-Range, and Situation-Specific (Meleis, 2012, pg. 33). For example, Grand theory is relatively abstract and broad in scope. It tends to focus on the nature or goal of nursing. The situation-specific theory is a narrow range of concept that is specific to
CPU- The CPU (central processing unit) is the ‘brain’ of a computer. It carries out all calculations and instructions from software/hardware. It works by taking input data from input devices like the mouse or keyboard, processes the data and produces a form of output like a program opening. 3.
The PS/2 ports on the system allow for keyboaerd and mouse functionality to be availible. The optional CD-ROM and floppy disk drive aloow the user to decide how memory is used on the device. There is also a internal and external compact flash slot.
The goal to eradicate
Further, this human advancement is compared against the genuine desire of General
Computers are used to functions that would take humans a long time to work out. They make work easier to accomplish. It can be used to show how much gas is used in a vehicle with different amounts of speed and weight. In the story Cold Equations written by Tom Godwin, a girl is a stowaway on a EDS. There wouldn't be enough gas to get to the destination with her added weight.
Strategic purpose is something needed, because this allows the performance management to meet the organizational needs of revenue, or direct competition with their competitors. Administration purpose this allows the company to make important administrative decisions. Without and effective system, making salary, promotion, and retention decisions would be very hard. Finally, the three general purpose would be developmental purpose.
1. Define the following terms: GIS; A geographic information system is system made to capture, store, manipulate, analyse, manage, and present spatial or geographical data. FOSS; Free or Open Source Software. FOSS programs have licenses that allow users to freely run the program for any purpose, modify the program as they want, and also to freely distribute copies of either the original version or their own modified version. ILWIS; Integrated Land and Water Information System is a GIS / Remote sensing software for both vector and raster processing.