ipl-logo

Manipulation Theory

1581 Words7 Pages

3. Theoretical Framework Since Lefevere put forward the manipulation theory, a great number of scholars and researchers have begun to apply it to news translation. According to the previous studies both at home and abroad, the manipulation theory has proven to be both workable and effective in explaining political news translation. Before applying the theory to the selected examples to be analyzed, it is necessary for readers to have a general idea of the origin and development of manipulation theory together with the notions of this theory. 3.1 Origin and Development of Manipulation Theory Since the 1970s, the focus of translation studies has shifted from the linguistic level to the cultural level on account of the emergence of “cultural turn” …show more content…

Toury clarified that the recipient culture, or a certain part of it, which works to determine what to translate and how to translate. Hence, translators are supposed to function in the interest of culture where they are producing translations, but not in the interest of the original texts or the source culture. In addition, he added that culture refers to the whole social context in which the translation takes place, together with criteria, ideology, values and convention of the recipient system. In 1990, Bassnett and Lefevere officially put forward the concept of cultural turn in their volume Translation, History and Culture in which the cultural turn is the key concept and the concept of culture takes on a wider sense. Later, based on the precious studies and findings, André Lefevere put forward the concepts of “translation as rewriting” and “rewriting as manipulation” in his book entitled Translation, Rewriting and The Manipulation of Literary Fame. He stresses that translation is a kind of rewriting, indicating all rewritings, whatever their intentions, reflect a certain ideology and poetics and manipulate literature to function in a given society in a given way. After we get familiar with the origin and development of Lefevere’s manipulation theory, this thesis tries to expound the notions of this …show more content…

Patronage is usually more interested in the ideology of literature than in its poetics, and it could be said that the patron “delegates authority” to the professional where poetics is concerned. Patronage can be exerted by persons, such as the Medici, Maecenas, political party, a social class, a royal court, publishers, and last but not least, the media, both newspapers and magazines and larger television corporations (Ibid: 15). Lefevere states that patronage basically consists of three elements that can be seen to interact in various combinations. There is an ideological component, which acts as a constraint on the choice and development of both form and subject matter. There is also an economic component: the patron sees to it that writers and rewriters are able to make a living, by giving them a pension or appointing them to some office. Finally, there is also an element of status involved (Ibid:

Show More
Related

  • Symbolic Interactionalism Lens

    357 Words  | 2 Pages

    The subtle but accepted social norms can be categorised neatly into two categories; folkways and mores. While both of these are informal social rules; folkways carry almost no punishment, although, mores are rules that when broken reap heavy consequences. The study of social norms is best done under the symbolic interactionalism lens. Symbolic interactionalism allows us to look at society on a micro level, meaning, we are able to focus on individuals, particularly, emphasizing verbal and physical gestures and how we interpret them.

    Read More

  • Symbolic Interactionism Psychology

    402 Words  | 2 Pages

    The biological explanation of the brain in regards to drug addiction is interesting. According to the textbook, "Studies have found convincing evidence that drugs such as alcohol, heroin, and cocaine act directly on the brain mechanisms that are responsible for reward and punishment. " When one use drugs, the drug stimulates the areas of the brain that create the sensation of pleasure and suppress the pleasure of pain, as, a result, the user receives reinforcement to engage in further drug-taking behavior. The psychological explanation of drug abuse, "Focus on either personality disorders or the effects of social learning and reinforcement on drug-taking behaviors."

    Read More

  • Galway Kinnell: Transfigured Dread

    875 Words  | 4 Pages

    As one single poem can intrigue the everyday college student, one can imagine the obsessive nature that one poem can have on the mind. The poem, circulating, round and round in the mind, leaving one to ponder the day away all because one poem, as one can be left questioning, such as in "Prayer" by Galway Kinnell. However, even if someone were to be obsessed with one poem, there are ones who are intrigued by not just one, but two, maybe dozens of poems, all by the same author that had them intrigued since the first poem looming in their head. Nevertheless, as one may ponder across an entire work of a single author, this pondering may lead to one who is passionate about the entire work of an author to publish articles about someone and their work respectively. In the article, "Galway Kinnell: Transfigured Dread," by Edward Hirsch, the pondering over the entire works of Galway Kinnel are discussed in great detail.

    Read More

  • The Lord Of The Flies: Figurative Language

    735 Words  | 3 Pages

    Translation is very important especially when it is read across the globe. In addition to fulfilling its key historical function of providing us with access to literature originally written in one of the numerous languages we are unable to read, translation also shows a deeper meaning into a book. Names are extremely important and have a deeper meaning on purpose. A character or anything with a name must have a meaning similar to what the actual story is about. “

    Read More

  • Critical Analysis Of Sweat By Zora Neale Hurston

    1187 Words  | 5 Pages

    Historical criticism strives to cognize a literary work by examining the social, cultural, and intellectual context that essentially includes the artist’s biography and milieu. Historical critics are more concerned with guiding readers through the use of identical connotation rather than analyzing the work’s literary significance. (Brizee and Tompkins). The journey of a historical reading begins with the assessment of how the meaning of a text has altered over time. In many cases, when the historical context of a text is not fully comprehended, the work literature cannot be accurately interpreted.

    Read More

  • The Return Of Martin Guerre By Natalie Zemon Davis

    1099 Words  | 5 Pages

    The Return of Martin Guerre by Natalie Zemon Davis is a sixteenth century novel soap opera about a popular trial of Martin Guerre’s reappearance to Artigat after abandoning his wife and family for eight or more years. But the Martin that appearance is a poser by the name of Arnaude du Tilh, who is looking to cash in on someone else’s wealth until the real Martin Guerre comes back to Artigat. In this critique of Natalie Zemon Davis’, The Return of Martin Guerre, I will analyze her reason for writing the novel, her use of data, and her diction. Natalie’s reason for writing this novel was to present the lives of peasants in France during the sixteenth century to the twentieth century, for she wanted to give the readers a visual of their glories

    Read More

  • Ambiguity In To Autumn And La Belle Dame Sanns Merci

    1170 Words  | 5 Pages

    Besides the author and the reader, there is the ‘I’ of the lyrical hero or of the fictitious storyteller and the ‘you’ or ‘thou’ of the alleged addressee of dramatic monologues, supplications and epistles. Empson said that: „The machinations of ambiguity are among the very roots of poetry”(Surdulescu, Stefanescu, 30). The ambiguous intellectual attitude deconstructs both the heroic commitement to a cause in tragedy and the didactic confinement to a class in comedy; its unstable allegiance permits Keats’s exemplary poet (the „camelion poet”, more of an ideal projection than a description of Keats actual practice) to derive equal delight conceiving a lago or an Imogen. This perplexing situation is achieved through a histrionic strategy of „showing how”, rather than „telling about it” (Stefanescu, 173 ).

    Read More

  • Tim Blanning The Romantic Revolution Summary

    820 Words  | 4 Pages

    Chapter one 'The Crisis of the Age of Reason ', deals with the beginnings of romanticism, the radical shift it caused from an unoriginal event to an expressive visual, how it led to the cult of the artist genius and these same

    Read More

  • Marie De France's Poetry Analysis

    1490 Words  | 6 Pages

    Western Literature serves as the foundation all literature. In Marie de France’s poetry, she incorporates the work of Homer, the Bible, and Ovid into her own poetry. Both Marie and Homer use detailed writing styles in order to portray their devotion to family and their Gods. Similarly, Marie borrows inspiration from the Bible in order to show her devotion to God as a savior. She also uses Ovid’s stories in order to depict morals throughout her fables.

    Read More

  • The Concept Of Norms In Translation Theory

    1713 Words  | 7 Pages

    A translator may subject him-/herself either to the original text, with the norms it has realized, or to the norms active in the target culture, or in that section of it which would host the end product. Translation is a complicated task, during which the meaning of the source-language text should be conveyed to the target-language readers. In other words, translation can be defined as encoding the meaning and form in the target language by means of the decoded meaning and form of the source language. Different theorists state various definitions for translation.

    Read More

  • The World Republic Of Letters By Pierre Bourdieu

    744 Words  | 3 Pages

    Contemporary literary prizes are institutions that celebrate literary achievements, shape authors’ positions with respect to the market and the canon, form the worldwide readership. They frequently cause controversies, be it the list of nominees, the names of jury members, or, eventually, the winning authors or books. Among all literary prizes, the Nobel Prize in Literature is, probably, the most famous and controversial, because, “unlike the Booker or the Goncourt, [it] explicitly highlights and rewards the author rather than an individual literary work” (Braun 321). Since the Nobel Committee decided to award authors not only for the last year’s works, but for their writings in a wider period, the figure of the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, became “the guarantor of literature as it is mediated to an international public” (Braun 324). Literary prizes are important parts of literary systems, which can be defined as structures that describe the mode of interaction between authors, readers and markets.

    Read More

  • Symbolic Interactionism

    1490 Words  | 6 Pages

    In this essay, I will discuss the key premises of symbolic interaction as well as consider the ways in which symbolic interaction promotes the view that people have agency. I will then put forth the argument that conflict theorists make with respect to schools reproducing the culture of the dominant class. In relation, I will mention in what ways this perspective promotes the view that people are constrained by social structure. Finally, I will discuss the dialectical relationship between structure and agency "Symbolic interactionism has come into use as a label for a relatively distinctive approach to the study of human group life and human conduct."

    Read More

  • Modernism In English Literature

    875 Words  | 4 Pages

    The purpose of this essay is to investigate the Modernism in English literature especially in The Translator (a novel written by Leila Aboulela). Modernist literature is a major English genre of fiction writing, popular from the 1910s into the 1960s. After the end of the reign of Queen Victoria in 1901, the industrialization and globalization are increasing. New technology and the horrifying events of both World Wars (but specifically World War I and atomic bomb) made many people question the future of humanity: What was becoming of the world? Was the old world end?

    Read More

  • Realism In The Goriot

    2405 Words  | 10 Pages

    Consequently, the context became fundamental and it represents the starting point for the description of the events. Le Père Goriot is set in 1819, after the Napoleon defeat and when the industrial revolution started. It was a period of great revolution and changes between the hierarchy of the social classes and Balzac aims to represent the various tensions of that period, especially in Paris. Moreover, in the Avant-Propos Balzac affirm that the novelist should be the secretary of the history, he tells us the story from a scientific point of view because he added that the novelist has to study the humanity as the biologist study the animals. Hence, this essay discusses the fact that the context of the novel and the description of the social tension can be defined as the realistic part of the novel which are intertwined in the plot and in the fictional characters who have a connection to the real life.

    Read More

  • Advantages And Disadvantages Of Translation In Teaching

    2577 Words  | 11 Pages

    CHAPTER I Background and Purpose 1.1. Introduction For a long time, translation has been a controversial issue on whether it can be an instructional tool in language learning classrooms or not. From the beginning of the twentieth century, there has been several arguments against using translation as a language teaching tool. Translation as a language learning activity was considered as being unsuitable within the context of foreign language learning (Brown, 2002).

    Read More

More about Manipulation Theory

Open Document