Conceptual Framework Health Belief Model
Health Belief Model has been adopted for this study to help with explaining concepts that have been outlined in this study. Health Belief Model was developed from theories of cognition and behaviour. Concepts in Health Belief include:
Perceived susceptibility: It is one’s opinion of chances of getting a condition.
Perceived severity: This includes one’s opinion of how a condition and its consequences are.
Perceived benefits: It is one’s belief in the efficacy of the advised action to reduce risk or seriousness of impact.
Perceived barriers: It is one’s opinion of the tangible and psychological costs of the advised action.
Cues to action: These are strategies to activate readiness
Self efficacy:
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The method has been chosen because it will enable the researcher to compare variables under investigation in this study. These variables are parity and time of ANC commencement. Parity is an independent variable as it cannot be altered while time of ANC initiation is the subject under study. In other words the researcher is trying to find out whether parity affects time of ANC commencement. Population and sample
Study population
The study population will comprise two groups: the first group will be first time term pregnant women (36 weeks gestation and above). These women must have attended at least one antenatal care visit and have come to await labour at Dowa and Mponela maternity waiting homes. The second group will be women who have had more than one pregnancy and will have a term pregnancy at the time of study and those who have attended at least one antenatal care visit.
Sampling method
This study will be done using convenient sampling method. This method has been chosen because the study targets a specific group of pregnant women. These women should have been ascertained to have a term pregnancy by gestation hence the reason for coming to await labour and also should have attended at least one ANC visit hence convenient sampling will aid in the recruitment of suitable subjects for the
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To ensure that ethical issues are fully addressed, the research proposal will be reviewed by an ethics committee from Malawi College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee which will approve the study before data collection. At Dowa permission will be sought from the District commissioner and the District health officer of Dowa. Study participant’s confidentiality will be maintained by keeping confidentiality in the questionnaires by not requiring their names. Written consent will be given and study objective clearly explained to participants. Participants will also be told that they will be free to withdraw from the study any time they feel like doing
I chose to apply the Health Belief Model to my current Public Health issue of Opioids and Heroin: Drug treatment for individuals suffering from chronic pain and become addicted to prescription medication. I chose three health interventions to apply to my current Public Health issue. Opioid withdrawal may be difficult and is the primary reason for prescription drug abuse and relapse. The most effective treatment for narcotic addiction its methadone, a long-acting opioid. Methadone activates the same opioid receptors as other narcotics and eliminates withdrawal symptoms effectively.
Among these potential benefits include: additional diagnostic tests, distribution of medications and vaccinations, and emergency evacuation services (Fair Benefits 2). Essentially, the Fair Benefits model emphasizes sharing the benefits of successful medical research and along with the Collaborative model, it is a solution to the four major questions regarding medical research in developing countries. These four questions include: “1) How can we prevent vulnerable patients form being exploited by research?, 2) How can such patients gives informed consent?, 3) Is it right to apply standards of research of developed countries to research in developing countries or can there be a double standard?, and 4) Are there special problems of context in doing research on poor, illiterate people in developing countries? (Pence 204).” In addition to answering these questions, there are three guidelines that need to be followed when conducting research in
When dealing with a specific method, there always has to be a clear theory that goes along with it. The Health Belief Model is the most used theory for health education and health promotion (Hayden, 2014). Hence is why we chose this theory to based off our program on. The concept focused mostly on the theory that health behavior is determined by personal beliefs or perceptions of a certain disease. Currently, there are seven constructs that are used in this model: Perceived Susceptibility, Perceived Severity, Perceived Benefits, Perceived Barriers, Cues to Action, Self Efficacy and Time Frame.
Philosophy Paper I believe in the philosophy of trying to live leaving the world in a better place and looking for daily opportunities to do so. I value efforts with a ripple effect, in which one action can create many positive responses. These ideas parallel with my philosophy of health education and promotion to help individuals achieve optimal health, specifically related with behavior change and decision- making philosophies. My life philosophy influences my philosophy of health education because they share the same common goal and purpose, which is improvement and betterment.
Learning aim B: Investigate barriers to communication in health and social care 1B.3 Outline the barriers to communication in health and social care . 2B.P3 Describe the barriers to commumicatio in health and social care and their effects on service users. ●Physical Barriers-These are objects tht prevent an individual form getting where they must go e.g. a wheelchair user is unable to enter a building because the doorway is too narrow or there are streps so they can’t get to the entrance . ●Psychological Barriers -This barriers affects the way an individual thinks about a service e.g. it may be they have a fear of the dentist .
I chose to use the Health Belief Model, borrowed from the behavioral sciences, which explain the health behavior of the individuals. According to Rosenstock (1988), Health Belief Model contains six constructs: 1) perceived susceptibility, 2) perceived severity, 3) perceived benefits, 4) perceived barriers, 5) cues to action, and 6) self-efficacy. Rosenstock, Strecher, and Becker (1994) describe perceived susceptibility as whether or not a person regards themselves as being susceptible to an illness or being harmed due to becoming or not becoming involved in a behavior. Perceived susceptibility motivates individuals to be vaccinated for flu and to use sunscreen to prevent skin cancer. Perceived severity is the personal belief of an individual about the
The HBM was developed to explain and predict health-related behaviors, and is one of the most commonly applied models in health behavior research and practice. It suggests that engagement (or lack of engagement) in health-promoting behavior can be predicted by people's perceived susceptibility (i.e., beliefs about their risk of contracting a health condition), perceived threat (feelings concerning the seriousness of contracting an illness or leaving it untreated), perceived benefits of taking health action and barriers to action, perceived self-efficacy (i.e., beliefs about their ability to perform the action), and cues/triggers to
293 women were interviewed (305 pregnant women originally conducted the questionnaire) three months after delivery giving time to obtain results for the postpartum period. Considering that the type of delivery could be a possible factor that influences research data when it comes to interpretation, the researchers consulted with the women about the type of
This study was conducted within the frame work of the Health Belief Model (HBM) which indicates that the key health beliefs underlying the threat and behavioral evaluations provide a useful framework for understanding individual differences in health behavior and for designing interventions to change behavior. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a popular theory applied to health education and health promotion (52). The underlying assumption of the original HBM is that health behavior is determined by personal beliefs or perceptions about a disease/disorder and the strategies available to decrease its occurrence (53). This Model of explaining human behavior attempts to explain the determinants and factors that influence an individual’s decisions
The core assumptions of the Health Belief Model (HBM) are based on the premise that a person will develop a health behavior and is willing to take action to avoid the occurrence of the disease. Furthermore, the person needs to believe that they have the possibility of developing the disease, that they can avoid the disease, that the cost of the change outweighs the benefit and that the person can effectively implement the recommended behavior. Furthermore, the major concepts of the HBM are perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, cues to action and self-efficacy (de Chesnay and Anderson, 2016, p. 155-156). According to the Common Sense Model (CSM), when a health threat is perceived by the individual, they progress through three stages: (1) mental representations of the health threat; (2) coping actions or behaviors that help the individual cope with the health threat; and (3) how well the coping strategies manage the
This model was proposed by social scientists in 1950. Its objective is to analyze the reason why some people have difficulties to comply with disease prevention approach or why they do not like to do screening test for early detection of diseases. In this particular case, our belief has a major influence on our behavior change. Health belief model has two components. The first component is the desire to be healthy or get better when you become sick, and the second component is the belief that a specific health action can help prevent a disease.
Further highlighted was the importance of partnerships between mothers and midwives and the aspects of Nga Maia and the Treaty of Waitangi 1840 and how these support the midwifery
In addition, the next psychological factors, beliefs. From doing and learning, people will also obtain beliefs and attitudes. Belief is a descriptive thought that a person has about something such as iPhone. For example, if we saw many people use Apple brand things such as iPhone, they will give their own opinion about iPhone. If the opinion is good, we will believe and also use iPhone.
Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the contribution of midwives Nural Seslikaya and Mine Akyol in data
According to Andersen and Newman (1973), paying a visit to a health facility is determined by three sets of factors: (1) predisposing factors such as age, gender, race/ethnic group and social status; (2) enabling factors include conditions that facilitate or inhibit the use of health services such as insurance coverage, income, distance to the health centre; availability of regular source of care and, (3) need or health status variables which may include perceived need and urgency, level of distress and presence of psychiatric co-morbidity The health belief model (HBM) suggested by Rosenstock (1966) assumes that consumer attitudes and beliefs are important determinants of health action. Leavitt (1979) reports that, within this framework, beliefs