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Instrumental Conditioning Theory Paper

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Related Theories on Attitude Considering the word attitude which is key in this study, we will discover that it can be seen as a positive or negative; weak or strong mental state organized through experience, reinforcement or observation which has direct influence on an individual response or disposition to an object, a person or group of persons (Ayenbiowo, Obashoro & Ayeni, 2014). Daramola (2011) opined that young people’s attitude starts from the description of the elderly and the names they are called in the society. This attitude can be seen from two behaviourist theories pioneered by Watson which are Classical Conditioning theory and Instrumental Conditioning theory. . Classical Conditioning theory states that the association …show more content…

According to Olorunsaiye (2007) the media portrait of the elderly contributes to their negative image because while the young are typically portrayed in active, vital roles and are often over-represented in commercials the elderly are being portrayed as weak and wicked. Brazzina, Mc-Intosh, Smith, Cook, Harris (1997) stated that films usually portray the elderly as being less friendly, having less romantic activity, and enjoying fewer positive outcomes than younger characters at movie conclusions. Similarly, children’s books often portray the elderly in the appearance of witches because they are usually old looking and ugly. Children can develop negative attitudes about the elderly from such sources, particularly if they have little contact with the elderly (Williams and Howards, 1998). This is further exemplified by the findings of Adeleke in 2014, that the elders thinks the myth of been witches by young ones accounts for their maltreatment and abuses. She further found out that debased value system in Nigeria is responsible for the negative attitude towards the …show more content…

Ayenibiowo et al (2014) opined that in comparing of the past and present mode of interaction with the elderly reveals that perception of younger Nigerians and attitude to the elderly is changing as a result of acculturation and globalization. Though a survey conducted by Olorunsaiye in 2007 discovered that the financial assistance of working adults to their parents is seen as financial burden to them, yet Odumosu (2010) stated that the economic realities of Nigeria for the younger generation with unfavorable reform programmes, which has little or no consideration for the elderly has created an army of beggars in the country. This is because Ibiyemi and Adegboyega (2005) confirmed that many enter old age in developing countries after a lifetime of poverty and deprivation, inadequate diet, poor access to healthcare and they remain in this status which make the young ones avoid them. This status Daramola (2011) viewed as the socio-economic status of the elderly which she believe involves issues of social relationships (loneliness); social interaction (aloneness); economic strength (elderly poverty); and health. The last two she says are pre-requisite for the first

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