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Essay On Conductivity In Water

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6. Conductivity in Water and Waste Water

Introduction:
Conductivity (specific conductance) in water and waste water is defined as ability of water to carry an electrical current and the ability to carry an ion is dependent on the concentration of ions in the water and their mobility. As the number of ions increases, conductivity of water also increases. Salts or other chemical that dissolve in water can break down into positively and negatively charged ions. These ions make up the basis of conductivity in water. The inorganic dissolved solids affecting the conductivity of water are negatively charged ion (chloride, nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate anions) or positively charged carrying ions (sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron, and aluminum cations). The presence of organic compounds like oil, phenol, alcohol, and sugar in water do …show more content…

(ii) Standard KCl solution (0.01 N): 745.6 mg anhydrous KCl is dissolved in conductivity water and dilute to 1000 ml at 25ºC. This will be the standard reference solution having a conductivity 1413 μ mhos / cm at 25ºC.

Procedure:

(i) Calibration of conductivity meter: Switch on the magnetic stirrer. Take 0.01 N KCl in a beaker. Place this beaker on the stirrer and insert the magnetic bead in it. Keep the electrode inside the KCl solution. Select the calibration button and adjust the conductivity of 0.01 KCl solution to 1413 μ mhos/cm.

(ii) Determination of cell constant: Rinse conductivity cell with at least three portions of 0.01 N KCl solution. Adjust temperature of a fourth portion to 25.0 ± 0.10 C. Measure resistance of this portion and note temperature and compute cell constant C :

C = (0.001413) (RKCl) [1 + 0.0191 (t - 25)]

Where RKCl = measured resistance (ohms) and

t = observed temperature

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