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Conflicts: Types and Effects

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Most of us are aware on the existence and the effects of conflict, yet, one can interpret the term ‘conflict’ in different number of ways. Conflict can be viewed by an individual, group or by an organisation as the incompatibility of goals that arises from opposing behaviours (Mullin, ), while Gray & Starke (1984) defined conflict as the inhibition of the attainment of goals from the behavior of a person or group.

One of the early definitions of conflict was by American sociologist, Lewis Coser (1967) who defined conflict as the tension between some groups for which there are clashes in their values and interests. In addition, Thomas (2005) defines a conflict as a “disagreement in opinions between people or groups, due to differences in attitudes, beliefs, values or needs. In the business world, differences in such characteristics as work experience, personality, peer group, environment, and situation, all lead to differences in personal attitudes, beliefs, values or needs.” Hence, from the definitions mentioned above, it is obvious that conflicts cannot be define in just one practical way. Therefore, for the purpose of this report, the authors’ view on conflict tend to be more associated with negative surroundings and situations which affect an individual or a group’s efficiency, effectiveness and caused dysfunctional effects.

3.2 EMERGENCE AND THE EFFECTS OF CONFLICTS
Mannering (2009) suggested that the root to the problem of conflicts are misunderstandings and

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