The Democratic Republic of Congo was colonized by Belgium from 1908 to 1960 under the rule of King Leopold II. The colony was heavily relied for for their cotton, oil palms, coffee, cacao, and rubber. The colony also became an important source of gold, diamond, copper, tin, cobalt, and zinc. In addition, forced labour was used to achieve the construction of roads, railroads, electric stations, and public buildings. Congolese were cared for and treated as if they were animals. All except traditional rulers who were assigned to collect taxes, had no role in the government. Profit made in Congo was used to beautify Belgium and boost their economy. However, even after Congo gained independence, instead of focusing on regrowing the nation, Congo regressed due to several reasons. Therefore, both the colonization of Congo and their regression contributed to the changes made in the Congolese lifestyle and their economy which particularly arose through the vast labour camp set by the king, Belgians brainwashing the Congolese, and Congo’s regression after their independence.
King Leopold II saw Congo as his economic colony where he used fear and torture to produce large amounts of rubber and a large supply of minerals. He converted Congo into a vast labour camp to keep up with the world’s high demands for rubber. Victims including explorers and missionaries all insisted for the King to stop. There were even calls for King Leopold II to be hanged at the New International Court of
The Belgians strongly desired the need for economic expansion because of rise of the industrial revolution. Nations such as the Belgians desired money, land and wanted more of it at a more rapid pace. In order for the Belgians to successfully meet their desires they began to imperialize the Congolese. According to an excerpt from Jules Ferry, “Colonial (Imperialist) policy is the child of the industrial revolution. It is necessary for wealthy countries where capital (money) is plentiful and accumulates (grows) fast, where industry is expanding steadily, where even agriculture must become mechanized in order to survive.
I. Document B. Document B contains quotes from Freidrich Fabri’s “Does Germany Need Colonies?” and John Ruskin’s talk at Oxford University both propose that national competition provides partial fuel into African imperialism. A. In John Ruskin’s talk, he states, “This is what England must either do or perish: she must found colonies as fast and as far as possible.”
Thousands killed in the Leopold outbreak. King Leopold should be condemned for his brutal actions, and for making the population more then half in population, like in Lukolela “The population in the villages of Lukolela in January 1891 must have been not less than 6,000 people, but when I counted the whole population in Lukolela at the end of December 1896. I found it to be only 719… but judge of my heartache when on counting them all again on Friday and Saturday last, to find only a population of 352 people.” (Document 5) In 1800-1900’s, King Leopold wanted to and planned to take control of the Congo people.
Also Wood describes, “This Aladdin’s cave of treasure is Congo’s great fortune, but is also her greatest blight” (49). Many country want part of all this treasured but taking of advantage of its undeveloped stage. Many countries come to Congo to obtain its valuable resource but not only take its resource but influence the country government. In 1960 after the Belgian regime Patrice Lumumba wanted to be president. This man had different ideas that many did not like as the Americans.
Africa had an abundance of resources that made it invaluable to have as a colony. While each country had its own resources, establishing colonies was a great way to get more resources for cheaper prices. The new resources also produced new products for industrial and economic uses (Doc D). Industries like Portugal, Belgium, France, Great Britain, and Germany benefitted a lot from the African resources (Doc D). The
Uganda is a country with a rich history filled with turmoil, failure, and success. The country and its people suffered for many years to gain independence from the country that controlled it, Great Britain. Finally, in 1962, Uganda gained independence and became a free country. All was looking up for Uganda and its people until they were thrown into a world of dictators and civil wars. Through their colonization, fight for independence, and the aftermath, they persevered to become the country they are today.
Villages turned on each other for the Belgians amusement. The Belgians deemed the Congolese to be less superior and hurt those who did not follow their
Many soldiers of the congo were killed during these invasions, and even after the invasions, the violence ceased to decline. Those who would oppose to collect rubber would have their hands and ankles removed, leaving most to bleed out if not left alive completely immobile. It became so violent that once King Leopold was discovered of his brutality, other countries stepped in and the government of Belgium itself wanted Leopold to cease his control of the Congo. Eventually he would give the congo back in 1908, after he was given a hefty compensation, and then died a year later. Imperialism was a race to see who would become a world power.
Before the Germans (and later the Belgians) colonized Rwanda, there was no reported violence between the Hutu and Tutsi people. However, European rule in the country changed the relations between the two groups, and laid the groundwork for genocide to occur a century later. 1897 marked the first year that German colonists entered the country. These Germans, convinced that the Tutsi had migrated to Rwanda from Ethiopia, believed that the Tutsi were more Caucasian then the Hutus, and were therefore racially superior and better suited to carry out colonial administrative tasks. This was part of the Hamitic Hypothesis—the Tutsis were taller than the Hutus, had more slender features, and looked more similar to the Europeans.
and the Congolese had established centralized expansive empires rich with resources. The Aztec a former hunter/forager population began to farm the land, mine natural resources including gold and engaged in trade with others. (von Sivers et al., 2012) In Kongo there existed a large palace population and a royal domain where slaves farmed. Soon, their biggest export would be human cargo.
From King Leopold’s Public Letter, he says “The task which Belgian agents have to accomplish in the Congo is noble. It is incumbent upon them to carry on the work of civilization in Africa. The aim is to regenerate races whose degradation and misfortune is hard to realize.” Through those words, King Leopold, the king of Belgium, was trying to show the other countries that he was a
Congo was impacted harshly during the colonization period because King Leopold changed the culture and economy to make it beneficial for him and his country. A social impact of the colonization period was the poor education system of Congo.
According to the overview, “between 1500 and 1800, European nations traded for slaves, gold, and ivory along the west coast of Africa, but they did not go deeply into the continent.” In 1884, fourteen countries met in Berlin to discuss the division of Africa to prevent war from breaking out.. This meeting would come to be known as the Berlin Conference led by Ottoman Bismarck. Up until 1885, they stated that if a leader wanted to control a certain part of Africa, then they must prove that they have control over that area and that was it. This was the beginning of European imperialism in Africa.
In the early 1880s, King Leopold of Belgium secured about 900,000 square miles of African land (Background Essay). Leopold’s industries were successful producing tires, electrical insulation, soap, handles, and more (Document D), while his managers killed nearly 10 million Africans through forced labor, mistreatment, and diseases. This was the beginning of European imperialism.
In South of Africa, Great Britain was known to take gold and diamonds and turns into Jewelry, metal, wiring, fuel, coins etc. While the materials were existing. The Europeans were educating the Africans and also using them as cattle the Europeans have overworked the Africans for so many years until slavery was