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Congruence Contingency Model

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b) Stake’s Congruence – Contingency Model: Stake,R.E (2000) proposed the congruence-contingency model. This model consists of three types of information: 1. Antecedents (any condition which exists before teaching and learning), 2. Transactions (any interaction the students may have with the curriculum material and classroom environment / the “process” of teaching) 3. Outcomes (relationships among the variables in the three categories) antecedents transactions, and outcomes (products: achievement, attitudes and motor skills). The model is shown in figure 6. Type of contingency Intended Data Observed Data Type of Contingency Congruence Contingency Contingency …show more content…

It started around 1965 because US public schools were finding that they could not meaningfully and successfully evaluate their federally supported projects using the then "gold standard" for program evaluations - controlled, variable manipulating, comparative experiments(Guba, 1966; Stufflebeam, 1966b, 1967a). Since its beginnings, the CIPP Model has been extensively developed and widely applied Candoli, Cullen & Stufflebeam, 1997; Gaily, 1984;Granger, Grierson, Quirino & Romano, 1965; Guba & Stufflebeam, 1968; Nevo, 1974; Stufflebeam, 1969, 1995, 1997a, 2003b;Stufflebeam, Candoli & Nicholls, 1995; Stufflebeam, Gullickson & Wingate, 2002; Stufflebeam & Millman,1995; Stufflebeam & Nevo, 1976, Stufflebeam & Webster, 1988; and Webster, …show more content…

Following that he was invited to test the model at the Southwest Educational Laboratory in Austin, Texas, to evaluate the migrant education program. Egon Guba and Robert Hammond assisted him. Among the lessons they learnt from this was that the CIPP Model has to be applied flexibly. They also gained insights into input evaluation, to guide input evaluation they invented the advocate teams technique (Reinhard, 1972) through which competing teams develop proposals for meeting a set of targeted needs. Evaluators then assess the merits of alternatives on predetermined criteria and a convergence team may subsequently merge the best features of the competing proposals into a single

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