Leadership theories and approaches.
University of People
BUS 4402
Professor Edith Koopmans
December 28th, 2016
Leadership theories and approaches.
In this week’s written assignment I’m going to present the brief overview of leadership theories and to describe in details pros and cons of the different leadership theories (at least 3) and then to discuss how these theories fit with my own personal style.
To further entail other requirements, this paper is aimed to be two-page (double-spaced), font size 12, double spaced, Times New Roman font, and lastly include a reference list.
The development of leadership theories started in the beginning of XX century. The approaches to leadership theories evolved for the whole XX
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Behavioral approaches to leadership were the first implication of the research of leadership. The main idea of these approaches is that leaders have a certain type of behavior and decision making process despite of the specific of situation.
Later on, the contingency approaches to leadership such as Fiedler’s Contingency Theory, Situational Leadership, Path-Goal Theory of Leadership and Vroom and Yetton’s Normative Decision Model were developed.
The most contemporary approaches to leadership are as follows: Transformational Leadership, Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory, Servant Leadership and Authentic Leadership.
Anyway, all leaders despite of their preferences with regards to behavioral approaches to leadership could be described through the concept of big five personality traits called OCEAN which means openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism.
I’m going to consider in detail the following leadership theories below: theory X and theory Y;
1. Theory X and theory
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the Theory Y managers are more effective in business, particularly in start-ups.
Pros and cons: this theory can be applicable for almost all possible situations and it defines how to treat people. The problem that we can face using this theory is the algorithm to point out whether theory X or theory Y should be used. Another limitation is that this theory does not take into account the surroundings which could lead to less effective management. This drawback is typical for all behavioral approaches since they neglected the environment in which behaviors are demonstrated.
This theory does not fit me very much since I’m working in the business environment where the more flexible approaches are
Managers implement a company’s vision and strategic plan, whereas, leaders create and articulate that vision and plan. There are five approaches to leadership. They are trait theory, behavioral theory, situational theory, transformational theory and three additional perspectives, known as leader,
This discussion will address the differences between the early theories of leadership vs. current theories of leadership, value-based
When Managers assume employees will perform well if treated positively, and employees are able to make the work with all the responsibilities, are viewed as assets that should be valued and developed, is defined as theory Y. Ana Rios follow this definition by believing that employees enjoy duties, and are self motivated. One example would be when they are dancing in the store trying to enjoy their time while they work, Another example is that employees need to work hard accumulating points in order to get the reward. This is important since if theory Y is practiced more employees will feel respected and valued.
Winston and Patterson (2006) integrative definition of leadership is an excellent definition of leadership. Thus, Hitler also fits the definition only the most important ingredient is missing from Hitler leadership, which would be the presence of the Lord. There as been an enormous amount of information on the definition of leadership however, Bass (1990) argues that Leadership has been the focus of group processes, as a personality attribute, as the art of inducing compliance, as an exercise of influence, as a kind of act, as a form of persuasion, as a power relation, as an instrument in the attainment of goals, as an effect of nitration, as a differentiated role, and as the initiation of structure (20).
They refer to Fielder’s contingency theory, path-goal theory, Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership theory, and Vroom and Yetton’s normative decision model. Each theory is distinctive and different from each other. In the case of McDonald’s, it practices each theory to a certain degree. Fieldler’s contingency theory states that in order to maximize work group performance, leaders must be matched to the right leadership situation (Williams, 2007).
When I hear the word leadership – My first thought is: “Just do what is required of you.” As I analyze my experiences and reflect on the situations of my career, it is not that simple. Humans are not machines, they are arguably the most complex / simple entity of known existence. I say “complex / simple” for a reason. At the molecular level, everything works in harmony and performs its individual task as designed.
Specific mention may be made of three such theories; Fielder’s contingency theory, situational leadership and Path- Goal theory. The Fielder contingency theory suggests that there must be a strong leader- member relationship. A leader
Leadership has been defined in a variety of ways, there are multiple authors and theorists who have tried to define and understand leadership, all leading to varying theories and conclusions, but one thing that is universally understood is the importance of effective leadership and how someone with good leadership skills can impact so many people around them. (Kakabadse and Kakabadse, 1999; Yukl, 2002; Northouse,2013) The main components that have been identified to play a role in leadership are relations between leader and subordinates, interaction form between leader and followers, the influence that the leader has, the way in which the leader behaves and finally a leader’s traits. (Yukl, 2002) These elements that make up a leader, are then used as building blocks to identify the way in which each specific leader deals with its followers.
In this regard, leaders and managers can appear at any level of an organisation and are not exclusive of each other (Germano, 2010). Leadership theories identify leaders based upon traits as well as how their influence and power is used to achieve organizational goals and objectives (Germano, 2010). As such, trait based characteristics include leaders such as autocratic, democratic, bureaucratic and charismatic. On the other hand, leadership that is viewed from the perspective of the exchange of power and its utilisation to secure outcomes, are situational, transactional and transformational leaders (Germano, 2010). It is of paramount importance to consider the different types of theories of management and leadership and their potential impact on organizational strategy being that management and leadership plays a vital role in the success of businesses.
LEADERSHIP Ogbeidi (2012) found that leadership is referred as “ability to lead, direct and organize a group”. The study of leadership has developed scientifically through changing paradigms during its history where several models and theories have tried to explain the concept of leadership. Kuchler (2008) acknowledges that although subject of leadership is diverse and somewhat scattered but it tends to be one of the most widely discussed topics by the researchers all over the world. We found myriad definitions of leadership after studying detailed literature on it. The concept of leadership is described by different researchers with different perspectives.
This paper will examine the three leadership theories, identify how they apply to my practice, and explore how these theories interact with each other. The Trait Leadership Theory is based on the belief that a person is born with special traits contributing to natural leadership abilities. Studies of famous historical leaders have been used to identify various traits for this theory. Although the list of traits differs from study to study, there are five major traits that are consistent throughout most studies.
Out of those, leadership styles and contingency theories dominate the current literature on leadership. There are two major studies on leadership styles
This paper is going to encompass different leadership theories and their relevance to my own personal personality and method of leadership. There will be information on the advantages and disadvantages of the leadership theories and information on each including examples. The purpose of this paper is to view various kinds of leadership theories and apply them to a real-life scenario. Leadership Theories There are quite a few different leadership theories available for people to take information from and use in business settings and even personal settings.
If the behavior theory can identify the key determinants of leadership, people can actually train to become a leader. This is the premise of the management development plan. There are many different types of behavioural leadership styles. Each style suggests that the leadership role is based on the leaders’ concern for the people being led and the level of achievement that needs to be
Behavioral leadership theories are explaining distinctive styles that used by effective leaders. Contingency leadership theories are explaining the leadership style that appropriate based on the leader and followers situation. Integrative leadership theories are influencing successfully leaders and followers relationship through combining of the trait, behavioral, and contingency theories The management to the leadership theory paradigm is transform autocratic leadership to new style of leadership. Q3.