Organizational Theory: Contingency Or Situational Approach

In general you should study and evaluate a range of important elements influencing the design process The system design includes two phases subgroups main stage: 1. The overall design of the system: called the term "logical system design." 2. The detailed design of the system: dubbed the term "physical design of the system."

This approach tends to predict the ultimate outcome of a disturbance of the organisational equilibrium by a change in the task environment (Chand, 2015). It is a management approach that considers an organization’s objectives, organization and job design, human resources, environment and managerial skills as interacting and affecting the type of management decisions made about planning, organizing, leading and controlling (Sehgal, 2016, p. 14). The contingency approach takes into consideration not only given situations but also the impact of given solutions on behaviour patterns of an organization (Reddy, 2016, p. 7). With that being said, it is important to remember that structure and management are situational on the nature of the environment in which the organization is positioned.

In general, planning can be classified into three major categories which are strategic planning, tactical planning and operational planning. First type of planning is strategic planning. Strategic planning is an action that identifies and sets priorities activities, focuses energy and resources in the respective departments, strengthens and enhances the firm’s operation,

3) To exploit quantity relationships among subsystems of the conceptual model of IT value engineering, PAV theory with a static speed of adjustment [13] appears to allow the model to develop relations among the subsystems [27]. Likewise, to complete PAV especially in the required output function, the Cobb-Douglas production function is adopted to relate regular capitals, labor expenses, and IT spending. 4) According to the model on 2) and the additional theories on 3), this research scrutinizes about how to engineer the value of IT within IT-based organizations, in turn, the IT resources can be governed in

However, there is a standard principle called paradigm that will act as a guidance to researchers’ actions and beliefs. Paradigm is a concept developed by Thomas Kuhn in 1962 whereby it is a basic orientation to theory and research. This concept includes basic assumptions, the importance of unravelling puzzles or questions and the techniques used during research (Kindi and Arabatzis, 2013). According to Weaver and Olson (2006), paradigm is defined as the patterns of beliefs which regulate inquiry within a discipline while Taylor, Kermode and Roberts (2007) stated that a paradigm is a broad view or perspective of something. A paradigm consists of three fundamentals including the belief about the nature of knowledge, a methodology and the criteria for validity (Mac Naughton, Rolfe and Siraj-Blatchford, 2001).

For critical theorists, power is the most important concept when it comes to organizational communication. They view power as a “defining, ubiquitous feature of organizational life” (Miller, 2015: 118). Which means that power defines an organization, individual or a group. There are three approaches that help in understanding the concept of power namely, the traditional approach, the symbological approach and the radical critical approach (Miller, 2015: 118). These approaches are explained fully below.

There are three basic components to Piaget's cognitive theory: 1)schemas (building blocks of knowledge), 2) adaptation processes that enable the transition from one stage to another (equilibrium, assimilation and accommodation), 3)Stages of Development: (sensorimotor, preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal

The implications of strategic management arise at a number of levels. Firstly, each level consists of major phenomena which basically influenced by the business processes, institutions and behavior. According to Snell, Morris and Bohlander (2015; 120), managers in the organizations need to comprehend much about the dynamics of macro-business change. The main analyses cover the aspects such as how inventories should be managed under different interest rate regimes. This explores new ground associated to other institutions such as how reasonable future scenarios for the evolution of strategic management in companies change the prevalence of intellectual protections.

Also, External factors will measure current trends, address stakeholders, scan the organization to identify possible threats, and opportunities. All moving parts are deemed vital when creating an external and internal analysis. Moreover, analyzing and prioritizing will assist in the process of explaining operational plans, forecasting, removing barriers, and forming a new direction for the organization. A situational analysis refers to the internal and external environment within an organization. Besides, a situational analysis can be utilized to summarize all problems and opportunities that will affect the company.

Traditionally, both the theoretical level as organisational practice, it has been considered that employee commitment to the organisation is a variable that relevant for allowing and identifying intentions of conduct, behavior and results with direct impact on productivity and organisational effectiveness (Hunt &Morgan, 1994). Today, the effective management of this attitude requires organisations which draw human resources strategies and taking into account the nature multidimensional notion of commitment, evidenced in recent studies by theorists on the subject. The organisational commitment of employees towards the organisation has received considerable attention by both managers and scholars from behavior (Gallagher & McLean, 2001). However,

Unit 2 Assignment Hien Lam Kaplan University AB140 Introduction to Management Professor Sylvia DeAngelo January 25, 2016 Foundation of Management Sociotechnical theory, organizational behavior, quantitative management and systems theory are known as contemporary management approaches (Bateman & Snell, 2013). These four management approaches are essential in analyzing the different organizational environments, competitive environments, including internal and macro environment. They represent the cornerstones of modern management, and they keep close connection to the surrounding environment (Bateman & Snell, 2013). First, sociotechnical system focuses on creating the internal environment.