MOTIVATION OF PERSONEL
Human behavior is a complex issue that is linked by many variables such as ambition, work experience, personal experiences, social environment, the number and the intensity of individual needs. Furthermore, it can an also be viewed as the overall reaction of people to hypokinetic forces. The individual behaves in one way or another, because it meets the motivational forces that act in some specific way. Motivation shall be defined by Robbins, (1993) (as cited in Ramlall, 2004) as: “the willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need”. Recently, Tan Shen Kian and Wan Fauziah Wan Yusoff (2012) described motivation as an act that
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Motives are hypothetical constructs, used to explain why people do what they do. The term motivation originates from the Latin word movere, which translates to move in the English language. According to Swati Agarwal and S. K Agarwal (2013, page 437), ‘’it is the driving force that keeps one going towards one 's goals’’. It is used to describe issues in the psychology field as well as organizational behavior skills. As a result of a long-term study and research by many from the 1930’s until today (Sandra Graham, Bernard Weiner, 1996), there have been many motivational theories concerning employee development with the aim to understand and interpret the motivational factors that contribute to the satisfaction of the workforce as well as their further evolution, beginning from the generic and psychological focused theories to more human resource management related theories and practices. Regarding the efforts of the definition of motivation in the working environment, they are defined by the importance of the characteristics of various existing factors and their interaction within this environment. The reason motivation is considered an important and individualistic concept is that no employee will become motivated if they do not receive any type of compensation. For motivation at the place of work, some definitions were recorded in a general manner and others contain a more analytical approach. Motivation can be described as a functioning development that occurs when interior compensations are earned through an interesting and challenging work, the activation of the workers to achieve the company’s business goals and the effort to create appropriate incentives for cooperation between the employees so as for them to accomplish the objectives set by the company. Τhere are factors of particular importance to the definition of motivation in the workplace which will lead to a higher performance
Gibson Zachariah PSY 101 2015/09/13 Study Guide Chapter 8 Definition of Motivation: The driving force that spurs one into action. Ex: Many college students can’t motivate themselves to do work until exams begin, where the potential of failing spurns students everywhere into last minute cram sessions in the hopes they will pass. Components of Motivation: Motivation includes those components strictly related to one’s survival and making sure one doesn’t die. This also ties in with the idea that each person strives to fulfill their biological needs.
The word Motivation is derived from a Latin word “Movere” which exactly means to move they defined motivation as “the individual’s desire to demonstrate the behavior and reflects willingness to expand effort”. We can divide motivation into extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation states external factors, such as salary and benefits, promotion disciplinary action, these factors can affect immediately and powerfully, but it will not essentially last long. Intrinsic motivation denotes internal factors, for example job satisfaction, responsibility, freedom to act, scope to use and develop skills and abilities and challenging work and opportunities for development. Intrinsic motivators are related with “quality of working life” can
Motivation is defined as the process that guides, initiates, and maintains goal-oriented behaviours (Cherry, 2015). It comes when a person is willing to sacrifice his own time, money and energy to do well in a particular task. Motivation is an inherent action that provides us impulse to do something in order to achieve our goals. In the movie The Pursuit of Happiness, Chris Gardner who lost almost everything in financial crisis ended up living as homeless with his son. He was jobless and unable to support his son and wife therefore his wife left him.
The drive to carry out any goal that an individual wants make a reality is motivation. That drive is persistent and pushes them to break their boundaries to reach the thing that they want to attain and maintain. However, motivation can be used either for a goal that is for the better or for the worse. A common imbalance of the reasoning behind that motivation can be seen in eating behaviors. The relationship between motivation and eating behaviors runs much deeper than the eye can see.
Cognitive theories were developed as psychological views of behavior around the middle of the twentieth century. According to this view, people do not respond only to external events or to physical conditions like thirst or hunger; they also respond to their perceptions of these events. In contrast to the behavioral view, as Woolfolk (1987), mentions that “the cognitive view emphasizes intrinsic (internal) sources of motivation, such as curiosity, interest in the task for its own sake, the satisfaction of learning, and a sense of accomplishment.” (p. 315) Pintrich & Schunk (1996), assert that these cognitive theories examine “the underlying mental processes involved in motivation and how these are affected by personal and environmental factors.”
Introduction What is motivation? It is defined as the process that imitates, guides and maintain goal oriented behavior. Mostly, motivation is what cause people to act or achieved the goal (cherry 1). As the manager it is their duty to leads the division to generate the maximum profits to the corporation.
Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviours (Cherry, 2015). It comes when a person is willing to scarified time, money and energy to do well in a task. Motivation is an inherent action that provide us impulse to do something in order to achieve our goals. In the movie The Pursuit of Happiness, Chris Gardner who had lost everything in some financial crisis and he ended up living in homeless shelter with his son. He was jobless to support his son and his wife as a result his wife leaves him.
The main aim of this section is to review the current the theoretical studies and concepts in the areas of leadership, staff motivation, job satisfaction, leadership styles, distributed leadership styles, influence of leadership style, principal's leadership style and teachers' effectiveness, and teachers' job satisfaction as affected by principal's leadership style. Each theme will be discussed to elucidate the theoretical foundation for conceptual approach of this study. Leadership Theories This literature review aims to compile an evolving schools of thought on various leadership styles and theories.
introduction Motivation has been defined as some driving force within an individual by which they attempts to achieve some goal in order to fulfill some needs or expectations (Mullins, 1996). Beside Mullins, some scholar also define motivation as the psychological process that gives behavior purpose and direction (Kreitner, 1995) ; A predisposition to behave in a purposive manner to achieve specific unmet needs (Buford, Bedeian, and Linder, 1995); An internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (Higgins, 1994); and the will to achieve (Bedeian, 1993); All those inner-striving conditions described as wishes, desires, drives, etc. (Donnelly, Gibson, and Ivancevich 1995); and the way urges, aspirations, drives and needs of human beings direct
It can be said that motivation is a behavior; it is not a thing or special event that can be observed directly. Motivation is a set of processes that the reason of stimulate, orientation and maintaining human behavior towards achieving of goal. It can also be said that motivation can be a method of improving work productivity. That is it is a way of bringing positive results in educational institutions. For successful educational productivity, we need great deal of time, energy, and effort.
The current times exude a fundamental shift from simplification and standardisation at work towards laying a deeper focus on specific job properties, suggesting a transformation within the realm of work. The inconsistencies in Motivation-Hygiene Theory and Job Characteristics Theory have unfolded interest in researching the link between people and the kind of work they do. This essay will first critically discuss the ideals of changing landscape of work whilst carefully measuring job characteristics. It will then extend and refine essential work characteristics, identify new moderating variables & mechanisms and outline outcomes & antecedents by looking at broader perspectives and ways of redesigning jobs; all radiating their profound impact
Behaviorist, cognitivist, humanistic, and psychoanalytic are four important trends among the present motivational theories. John Broadus Watson and Sigmund Freud are important theorists of these trends. The behaviorist trend shows the influence of different physiological conditions on human behavior, Durso et. al (2016). The writer states that the behaviorist theory prioritizes the environmental factors for pointing out the behavior as per stimuli and reinforcing. After the criticism of behaviorist theory, the cognitive view emerged in 1970s.
Motivation occurs due to the collaboration of both aware and unaware sectors such as the need for wish or want, or even the reward value that will be given due to the accomplishment of the employees’ goal, and prospects
As we try to analyze the working behaviour of individuals we understand that in a working environment we deal with various personalities and needs. Each person may categorize money in a different position as far as his priorities are concerned in his personal hierarchy of needs. Therefore, we can assume that motive constitutes a complex equation between employers and employees. Motivation is a process that provides direction to a person in order to achieve a goal that covers his needs through creating and maintaining a goal guided behaviour (Mukherjee, 2009, p.148). Nevertheless, behaviour is not only influenced by incentives but also from variables such as individual skills, knowledge, feelings and beliefs (Werner and DeSimone, 2009, p.55).
Motivation refers to the process by which a person’s efforts are energized, directed, and sustained towards attaining a goal. This definition contains three main elements which are energy, direction and persistence. Firstly, energy element is a measure of intensity or drive as how much does the motivated person tried. For direction, it states that the employees` effort that directed toward, and consistent with, target organizational goals of their company. Finally, motivation includes a persistence dimension which persist them in putting effort to achieve the goals.