The second objective of our study was to observed Phenolic activity and Flavanoids estimation from Convolvulus pluricaulis. Dry leaves of Convolvulus pluricaulis were used as sample. The chemical required for the estimation were methanol, petroleum ether, di-ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, NaNO2, alcl3, NaOH, and H2SO4.The glassware’s used for the estimation were test tubes, reagent bottles, volumetric flask, Eppendrofs, falcon tubes, micropipettes, tips, test tube stand, eppendrofs stand, foil, tissue roll, autoclaved paper, blotting paper, separating funnel and spectrophotometer, cooling centrifuged, vortex, weighing balance instruments used in the present study.
Extraction via Soxhlet of Convolvulus pluricaulis dry leaves: Weighed loading limit amount of 5g of powder of drug was packed in thimble flask and 150ml of methanol (80%) was added in 250 ml round bottom flask. Then the Soxhlet assembly was set up to complete cycles until the solvent in thimble is colorless. After that the extract was filtered and filtrate was concentrated up to 50 ml using water bath. From the concentrated 10ml of extract was taken in evaporating dish (Borosilicate glass) which is previously weighed. The total
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The reaction mixture consists of 1 ml of extract and 4 ml of distilled water was taken in a 10 ml volumetric flask. To the flask, 0.30 ml of 5 % sodium nitrite was treated and after 5 minutes, 0.3 ml of 10 % aluminium chloride was mixed. After 5 minutes, 2 ml of 1M Sodium hydroxide was treated and diluted to 10 ml with distilled water. A set of reference standard solutions of quercetin (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μg/ml) were prepared in the same manner as described earlier. The absorbance for test and standard solutions were determined against the reagent blank at 510 nm with an UV/Visible spectrophotometer. The total flavonoid content was expressed as mg of QE/g of
Next, about 10 mL of both solutions, Red 40 and Blue 1, were added to a small beaker. The concentration of the stock solution were recorded, 52.1 ppm for Red 40 and 16.6 ppm for Blue 1. Then, using the volumetric pipette, 5 mL of each solution was transferred into a 10 mL volumetric flask, labelled either R1 or B1. Deionized water was added into the flask using a pipette until the solution level reached a line which indicated 10 mL. A cap for the flask was inserted and the flask was invented a few times to completely mix the solution. Then, the volumetric pipette was rinsed with fresh deionized water and
Therefore, liquid-liquid and acid-base extraction techniques were successfully performed to separate the components of the Excedrin tablet. According to the TLC analysis results, the compounds (aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine) were successfully isolated from the analgesic (Excedrin tablet). In figure 1, the separation of the compound in the TLC analysis correlates with the TLC analysis in figure 2. Furthermore, Rf index calculations of the TLC analysis demonstrated that the compounds (aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine) were separated. The Rf calculations of aspirin in table 1 shows an Rf value of .491; however, in table 2 the Rf value of aspirin was calculated to be .784.
The difference in this chemical and physical properties will aid in their separation. Processes like solubility, gravitational filtration and recrystallization will be used to separate the substances present in Panacetin. The melting and boiling point of the substances will help in concluding on which of these compounds will be presented at the end of experiment. Procedure and observation The Panacetin content was weighed approximately 3.0493g and transferred to the Erlenmeyer flask; 75ml of dichloromethane (CH¬2CL2) was added to the content. The dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) dissolved the sucrose, leaving the active unknown agent and aspirin behind.
ABSTRACT To catalyze a reaction, an enzyme will grab on (bind) to one or more reactant molecules. In this experiment we examined how increasing the volume of the extract added to the reaction would affect the rate of the reaction. The enzyme used was horseradish peroxidase which helps catalyze hydrogen peroxide. Using different pH levels, the absorbance rate of the reaction was measured to see at which condition the enzyme worked best. The rates of absorption were calculated using a spectrophotometer in 20 second intervals up to 120 seconds.
The platypus is one of the most unusual creatures in the animal kingdom. Platypuses (which is the correct plural form, not "platypi") have a paddle-shaped tail like a beaver; a sleek, furry body like an otter; and a flat bill and webbed feet like a duck. In fact, the first time a platypus was brought from Australia to Britain, people couldn 't believe that it was a real animal. They thought that a trickster had sewn two animals together, according to the BBC. Platypuses are among the few venomous mammals.
Procedures 1.First thing needed is a plastic bag open the plastic bag and take about a teaspoon of calcium chloride, put the calcium chloride in one corner of the bag. Then take about a half teaspoon of sodium bicarbonate and put it in the opposite corner of the bag. Then lay the bag flat on the table use about 5 mL of phenol red. Once the phenol red is in quickly lift your bag and put all the substances in one corner. Then observe 2.Reference procedure one for first step.
Our reaction yielded 3.696% of phenacetin product. Hence, the formation of phenacetin via acetaminophen synthesis was not a success. In addition, the poor amount of product formed was not white colored crystals, instead the crystals were of black appearance. A main reason to suggest for the unsuccessful completion of phenacetin could be due to the usage of 2 mL 2.5M sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH)/H2O, instead of the recommended ethanolic sodium hydroxide solution, which was mainly recommended because of the stability and
A UV spectrum of drotaverine hydrochloride, ethamsylate, tranexamic acid in water was noted by scanning the solution in the range of 200-400nm. drotaverine hydrochloride, ethamsylate, tranexamic acid was showing significant absorption at 220nm. thus that was selected as wavelength for analysis. Preparation of standard stock solution
In order to achieve separation within the compound trimyristin from ground nutmeg seeds, employing a process known as extraction, a process of separating a single component to isolate and purify chemical compounds from a mixture. There are two types of extractions, solid-liquid, and liquid-liquid. The separation in this experiment was conducted through not only filtration to separate and purify the triglyceride trimyristin from the nutmeg, simple distillation to remove the solvent from the product, but also the suction filtration to isolate the crystals. By using the solvent, dichloromethane the extraction of trimyristin isolated the crude oils from nutmeg and then acetone was used to help in dissolving the crystallized product. Unfortunately, my material did not come out correctly, it turned out to be a very waxy solid that was not able to be recrystallized, no matter how much acetone I used to change the texture, it still remained the same.
TLC was used to identify the actual unknown product as well as other products/reactants present in the filtered solution. The procedure was conducted by placing a TLC plate in a developing chamber that is filled with a small amount of solvent. The solvent cannot be too polar because it will cause spotted compounds on the TLC plate to rise up too fast, while a very non-polar solvent will not allow the spots to move. The polarity of the spots also determines how far it moves on the plate; non-polar spots are higher than polar ones. After spots on the TLC form, the Rf values are calculated and used to analyze the similarity of the compounds.
Increasing the inhibitor concentration affected the enzyme reaction because the most concentration there was, the higher the absorbency. In conclusion, the optimum temperature was twenty degrees Celsius, since it obtained the highest absorbency. As the pH levels increased, the data for absorbency was
Herbal products have been used for treatments since ancient times, before the exploration of synthetic industrial drugs. Since herbs are natural, most of the consumers believes herbal products are completely safe and the product use continuously increased and is reported 10-19% growth in United States. In U.S.A any botanical product affects the structure and functions of the body belongs to either a drug or dietary supplement and FDA regulates the dietary supplement. The author of this paper selected St. John’s wort ,as the herbal supplement for this assignment of patient educational flyer. Product Description: St. John’s wort (SJW) is a yellow flowering plant, grows in the wild used for health purpose for long time .The
What is Trichuris vulpis? Trichuris vulpis is a parasite that infects cats and dogs and is found in the cecum and intestines. This parasite is more common in dogs than it is in cats in North America. The more common name for this parasite is whipworm.
Blank consisted of 1 mL distilled water, 0.5 mL of 30% w/v TCA and 0.5 mL of 0.8% w/v TBA. The results were expressed as nM of MDA (malondialdehyde) formed /hr/ mg of
The concentrated extract was then passed through a chromatographic column (30 cm x 10 mm i.d) containing 2 g florisil (lower) and 1 g sodium sulphate (upper) which is pre wetted with hexane: acetone (1:1). OCPs were eluted with 25 ml hexane: acetone (1:1).The solvent was evaporated using rotary evaporator and final volume was adjusted to 5 ml, which is used for GC analysis. All the sediments were analyzed for HCH and