Copper/Red Stuff/Chemical Reaction

In test tube C , the iodine solution change from brown to dark blue which is different from the expected . It is because the amylase is denatured at 75℃ that the the activity of amylase is low or even stop. Therefore, the starch is not broken down into maltose by amylase. In the test D, a dark-brown solution is seen in the test tube after adding the iodine as the pH of the 1ml 0.5M HCl is not an optimum pH for the activity of amylase that the starch is broken down into maltose . Amylase may not break down the starch well.

Then an estimated (by trial and error) 1-3 grams of hydrated copper sulfate was added to a crucible with the lid on top. The total mass of the hydrated copper sulfate was recorded by subtracting the total mass of the crucible, lid, and sample from the mass of the crucible and lid (described in table 1.3). By attaching the wire triangle to the ring, the crucible was able to sit securely while having the bunsen burner underneath. Lighting the burner once again, each substance was heated for several minutes until estimated that the compound had changed color. Once a prevalent color change had been observed at approximately 4 minutes (blue green color) the crucible was set on the counter using the tongs to cool for approximately 5 minutes.

Gloves must be woven while preparing this solution Plasmid DNA preparation. To 20 μl of plasmid DNA preparation add 10 μl of gel loading solution and mix properly Standrad DNA marker: Take 20 μl of the  Hind III DNA digest, add 10 μl of gel loading solution and mix them well. Method 1. Take a clean dry gel casting plate and make a gel mould using an adhesive tape along the sides of the plate to prevent running off of the material to be poured on the plate 2.

V. Results and Discussion One of the objectives of this exercise is to synthesize acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) from salicylic acid. The mechanism for this synthesis is through nucleophilic acyl substitution. Acetic anhydride was the acetylation reagent used with the salicylic acid. The mechanisms and the reaction involved in the synthesis are seen in the following figure. 1.00 gram of fine white salicylic acid powder was weighed in a clean, dry 125mL Erlenmeyer flask.

Shake the mixture till all the bromine has reacted. Maintain the temperature below 0 º C and finely add 12g powdered phtalimide in one lot. 6. Shake the mixture vigorously and add a cold solution of 11 g sodium hydroxide in 40 mL water. 7.

To start an experiment of adsorption isotherm, Cu(II) aqueous solution of 100 ml with the predetermined varying initial concentration of Cu(II) in the range of 6.5-370.5 mg/l and the best activator composition of NaOH was put into the erlenmeyer flask and stirred using a magnetic stirrer at 75 rpm, room temperature of 298.15 K (± 2 K), 1 atm and normal pH. The experiment was stopped at 119 mins contact time for sampling. The samples of 1 ml were placed in a 20-ml vial and diluted with 10 ml distilled water, and filtered using a syringe filter. The filtrate was placed in 10-ml vial for the AAS analysis. To determine the concentration Cu(II) in the samples from the AAS reading, dilution factor was taken into

Materials and methods Materials Commercial grade PNP was purchased from …… …….. TiO2 obtained from ………. All the chemicals were used without further purification. De-ionized water was used to prepare the solutions. Photoreactor

(Cavette, 2007) Refining The copper blister is 99% copper but it still have a higher level of sulfure, oxygen some other impurities and by the reason it has to be further refined in order to purifies the cupper, this done by fist firing refined before it is sent to the final electro fining process • The blister copper is heated in in the refining furnace that is similar to the converter ,air is blown into the molten blister to oxides the impurities and a sodium carbonate is added to remove traces of arsenic and the antimony, • The blister copper is heated in a refining furnace, which is similar to a converter described above. Air is blown into the molten blister to oxidize some impurities. A sodium carbonate flux may be added to remove traces • Then the purified copper in then poured into the molds to form large electric

Methylene chloride was added to the TLC chamber until it reaches 0.5 cm depth in order to cover the bottom of the jar; a piece of filter paper was added to the jar allowing the solvent to travel up the paper and the surface area of the solvent increased. Then the plate was placed in the jar containing 100% CH2Cl2 so that the top of the plate rested against the side of the jar opposite the filter paper. When the eluent was near to the top of TLC plate, the plate was removed and then

Celery started with a pH of 6.05 and dropped down to a pH of 5.03 after 30 drops that is not nearly as drastic as alka seltzer. But, it shows how celery does not have a buffer because of the drop in pH and is not able to create more hydroxide ions when acid is added. Liver started with a pH of 6.50 and after 30 drops the pH dropped down to 6.03 which means the drop in pH is only .47 and looks similar to the data of the positive control of alka seltzer. The data in this lab follows the hypothesis of testing the HCI of liver and celery, then liver will contain a buffer and celery will not. This conclusion can be drawn because of celery’s large drop in pH and the data’s resemblance to the water data meaning celery cannot hydrolyze ions and keep a constant pH. Liver’s pH only changed by .47 which is not a dramatic change and can fall within scientific error and strongly relates to the alka seltzer data.

50 μL of these dilution solutions were separated on the TLC plate coated with SNISG. The plate was developed with petroleum ether: ethyl acetate (4:1) and the movement of solvent was usually controlled at 1 cm from the upper edge. After completion, the plate was dried until no solvent smell remained. It was sprayed with an ethanol solution containing 10% sulfuric acid, and heated at an infra-red drier until obvious color came up, as shown in Fig.2 (B.ab). Simultaneously, the amount of silver nitrate in the impact of isolative effect was investigated with the sample procedure, as shown in Fig.2

After that, put an aluminum wire into the beaker, and after a certain period of time the solution gains color. To finish the reaction, 5 drops of 6M of Hydrochloric acid is added into the beaker to clean the solution, which means that acid dissolves all salts of aluminum that is on the solution. After finishing the chemical process, collect and use the Butcher funnel to wash the cooper because it is going to be used to a vacuum filtration. After finishing the filtration, measure the weight of the sample and dry it. Finally, Do again these two steps until notice that the subtractions of these masses are about 0.005 g, and then arrange all the chemical

After this optimum is exceeded, the reaction rate sharply decreases to 1 mL/minute during pH 10 and 12. This reduction of activity can be explained through the act of denaturing. This occurs when the enzyme’s tertiary structure collapses, as the hydrogen bonds that form the protein begin to break apart. The function of proteins is heavily reliant on its structure, and once it deforms, it becomes ineffective. In this particular scenario, the active of the enzyme will alter and its once complementary substrate is unable to bind, preventing the reaction from

Two chemical reactions are carried by adding sodium hydroxide to the acidic solution from Part I. During the first reaction is the neutralization of the excess of nitric acid in the mixture by sodium hydroxide. The second reaction takes the place after naturalization is a complete and NaOH is in excess. While the liquid inside the beaker is being stirred, with the stirring rod, 10 ml of 6 M NaOH is poured into the solution from Part I at 1 mL at a time. After each 1 mL the solution is tested for acidity with red litmus paper.

Since, the absorbance and the c value had been raised, the sensitivity of the assay compared to ELISA was expected to decrease. However, by measuring the precision profile of 0.0125 µg/ mL Antibody concentration and the conjugate of dilution (1:15,000), the LOD of 14 ng/L using electrochemical detection was obtained compared to 10 ng/L using