Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate Lab Report

There are few vegetables and fruits that turns to the color brown if their surface is exposed to oxygen. Once the veggies or fruits been exposed to oxygen, then the browning begins to appear, and electrons and hydrogen will be removed. This happens because of an enzyme called catechol oxidase. The enzyme will act on its substrate catechol to form a yellow compound which then reacts with the oxygen in the air and change into benzoquinone. The more concentration of the enzyme, the more browning appears. Catechol oxidase is found in cell cytoplasm, their function in plants are to "help protect damaged plants bacterial and fungal disease."

Start data collection and display a full spectrum graph. Stop the data and the wavelength of maximum absorbance will be identified. Under the Meter tab, select mode and then events with entry. Type in the name as concentration and the units as

Reaction 2: when sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to copper (II) nitrate (Cu(NO3)2), a double displacement reaction will occur. Copper and sodium will displace each other to create copper (II) hydroxide and sodium nitrate.

Throughout the experiment, copper was altered a total of 5 times, but after the final chemical reaction, solid, elemental copper returned. Each time the solution changed color, a precipitate formed, or when gas appeared, indicated that a chemical reaction was occurring. For the first reaction, copper was added to nitric acid, forming the aqueous copper (II) nitrate (where the copper went), along with liquid water, and

To prepare the copper standard solutions the students added 15 M NH¬4OH (4mL) to a designated amount of stock solution (0.100 M) in a volumetric flask (50mL). Standards one through six contained the following mL of original stock solution: 1.00, 2.00, 4.00, 6.00, 8.00, and 10.00. Once each of these solutions were combined with the ammonium hydroxide (4 mL) they were filled to the mark on the volumetric flask (50mL) with distilled water and swirled.

Cell membranes are the semi-permeable membrane that surrounds all cells. It separates the extracellular environment from the intercellular environment. It is a phospholipid bilayer which contains various proteins, lipids and carbohydrates all serving different purposes. It is this structure which allows for the transport of nutrients, proteins and water. (Nature.com, 2014). Through extensive testing it has been found that small alcohols, specifically ethanol can increase the fluidity and membrane permeability of the phospholipid bilayer (Patra et al, 2005). The aim of the experiment was to test what effect that ethanol solution would have on the membrane

In the round-bottom flask (100 mL), we placed p-aminobenzoic acid (1.2 g) and ethanol (12 mL). We swirled the mixture until the solid dissolved completely. We used Pasteur pipet to add concentrated sulfuric acid (1.0 mL) to the flask. We added boiling stone and assembled the reflux. Then, we did reflux for 75 minutes. After reflux, we removed the reaction mixture from the apparatus and cooled it for several minutes. We transferred the mixture to the beaker that contained water (30 mL). We cooled the mixture to room temperature and added sodium carbonate to neutralize the mixture. We added sodium carbonate until the pH of the mixture was 8. After neutralize, we collected benzocaine by vacuum filtration. We used a Buchner funnel to collect benzocaine. We used three 10 ml of water to wash the product. After the product was dry, we weighed, calculate the percent yield and determined the melting point of the product.

The design relied on two Schmitt triggers to generate the two different tones while using the transistors to act as a switch. This causes it to trigger continuously between two unstable states, allowing automatic switching between two frequencies producing two different tones. The RC values between the two Schmitt triggers will differ. Capacitors charge and discharge faster when it’s resistance is smaller. Hence differing capacitor values allows oscillation between the two states. The transistors will act as a switch to toggle between the two inputs. It is a short circuit when turned on and an open circuit when it is switched off. Since only one transistor works at a time, only 1 frequency output will be heard on the speaker at one time.

Multicellularity is a condition of an organism to have multicellular cells. An example of a organism who has multicellular cells are plants, animals, and humans.

After every 1 min take one drop from the test tubes and place then in the test plate that were

3. Can you determine the atomic weights of zinc or copper by the methods used in this experiment? How? What additional information is necessary in order to do this?

The pellets were dissolved thoroughly then was used in filling up the 100 mL volumetric flask. The solution was mixed well

The chemical equation for this experiment is hydrochloric acid + sodium thiosulphate + deionised water (ranging from 25ml to 0ml in 5ml intervals)  sodium chloride + deionised water (ranging from 25ml to 0ml in 5ml intervals) + sulphur dioxide + sulphur. As a scientific equation, this would be written out as, NA2S2O3 + 2HCL + H2O (ranging from 25ml to 0ml in

For the third time select the flask and choose Condenser from Distillation from the menu and for last time select the flask Distillation Take-off from the dropdown option.

Introduction: In this lab, of water in a hydrate, or a substance whose crystalline structure is bound to water molecules by weak bonds, is determined by heating up a small sample of it. By heating, the water of hydration, or bound water, is removed, leaving only what is called an anhydrous compound. Based on the percent water in the hydrate, it can be classified as one of three types: BaCl2O ⋅ 2H20, with a percent water of about 14.57%, CuSO4 ⋅ 5H2O, which has about 36.0%, and CuCl2 ⋅5H20 (21.17%).