Baku Higher Oil School Aytakin Gasimova – H00177243 Laboratory Report Contents Introduction 3 Experimental details 3 Core washing 3 Porosity and permeability measurement 4 PVT cell 5 Introduction This report is aimed at providing information about the Laboratory experiment, which was held at “Azlab” laboratory in 16th of November. In this experiment, several apparatuses were used such as, porosimeter, permeameter, PVT cell, core washing equipment. Generally, this equipment was utilized to gain information about core samples, which were taken from either exploration or production wells. In next sections, more detailed information is provided about each of these devices. Experimental details Core washing In this experiment, the purpose was to clean the core samples taken from reservoirs and extract the residual hydrocarbons within the core sample. In first step, the samples were cut in a appropriate size in order to use them in other laboratory devices properly. This size is 1.5” in diameter. The next step is to wash the samples …show more content…
The unit is connected to a computer for automated data acquisition and control. The device performs all data calculations for a direct reading of permeability. The core is placed in a rock core holder, and the outer surface is pressurized to simulate the loads, that the core was under when it was removed. Of these loads or stresses, some are caused by the weight of the material above the core, which is known as the “overburdened” pressure. Loads on the rock will affect the core’s permeability to fluids, so it is important to duplicate them during testing. The injection pressure at the core face is measured using a pressure transducer and the gas flow rate is measured using a precision mass flow meter. An excel spreadsheet calculation template allows for calculation of gas
Rocks are intriguing to many individuals all over the world. Being made up of one or even many minerals, rocks draw an overwhelming amount of attention to themselves. When a probe brought back samples of rock from Planet X the task of identifying the rock was assigned. With no prior knowledge of the type of rock presented one will need figure out the identity of the rock based only on its density and physical properties. With an experimental process, one will begin to compare and uncover the identity of the rock samples brought back.
In this procedure a steel, pipe like structure is inserted into the well with openings cut in specific locations where the gas or oil has been targeted. These openings allow the fracturing fluid and since the rock cannot absorb the fluid being injected
The dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol takes place at the bottom of the Hickman still. As the Hickman still heats up within the sand bath, the products evaporate and travel higher up in the still where they condense into a liquid and fall within the collection ring, thus separating the product from the remaining water. Drierite (CaSO4) is also added as a drying agent to absorb any leftover water within the product. The purity of the product will then be analyzed with infrared spectroscopy, paying attention to OH peak if it is present. Chemical Reactions: Data and Observations: Material Volume Mol.
This experiment was started to measure the height equivalent of a HETP column to calculate twenty theoretical plates. The company need this information to separate the cyclohexane from the toluene. The separation was accomplished by the use of fractional distillation and gas chromatography. The process yielded one plate for the17.6cm column meaning, that the porcelain beryl saddles as a packing material are ineffective. Although the results were found to be inefficient this may have been due to an error in the calculation, or the amount of time per temperature spent collecting the fractions.
The hydraulic pressure that sends the chemicals into the wells are supposed to make sure that the chemicals stay far underground, but the fluids are still being found very near the surface (Lustgarten and
\section{Facility Static and Dynamic Control}\label{Calibr} The facility calibration is the transfer function between the oscillating gauge pressure $P_C(t)$ in the chamber (described in ~\autoref{Sub31}) and the liquid flow rate $q(t)$ in the distributing channel, i.e. the test section. Due to practical difficulties in measuring $q(t)$ within the thin channel, and being the flow laminar, this transfer function was derived analytically and validated numerically as reported in ~\autoref{Sub32} and ~\autoref{Sub33}. \subsection{Pressure Chamber Response}\label{Sub31} Fig.\ref{fig:2a} shows three example of pressure signals $P_C(t)$, measured in the pneumatic chamber.
From the growth on the NSM, I smeared it aseptically to a wet slide. Slide was then left to be air-dried for about 10 minutes. It was important to heat fix the slide using a micro incinerator. The succeeding steps had to be taken with caution because the primary stain, malachite green, is toxic. Under the hood, the slide was covered with a properly cut size of paper towel.
Stop the timer as soon as the reaction has stopped taking place and no remaining tablet is visible. Record the data. Empty out the beaker and water. Repeat steps 18-26 three more times, until four trials have been completed in total.
A centrifuge was used to separate the solid from the liquid solution. It worked by spinning the contents at a high speed, which creates a centrifugal force. 1 The denser solid moved towards the bottom of the test tube resulting in the separation. The centrifuge was balanced by placing another test tube, with the same volume, opposite to the test tube with the solution.
Introduction Chevron Phillips Chemical Company is the major producer of Cyclohexane. This successful company hoses the three largest cyclohexane plants in the world. Many are puzzled by how the production of cyclohexane seems to have become stagnant. Perhaps this is due to the cost of benzene increasing or the demand increasing. Through thorough investigation, the answer to this question and many more can be answered.
It is commonly used in organic chemistry laboratories suction filtration or vacuum filtration. The solution can be supersaturated, unsaturated or saturated. Vacuum filtrations is used to assemble recrystallized
Rediet Legese iLab Week # 6 CRUDE OIL DISTILLATION Introduction: The aim of this week lab experiment is to experiment distill crude oil and to check how temperature determine the chemical properties of crude oil plus how the boiling point can also show physical properties. They are two major finding in this experiment. he first finding was the point at which the raw petroleum is heated to the point of boiling, at 275 0C, the gas and kerosene oil are refined, however the oil (lubricant ) stays as an unrefined feature oil.
The overall project goals and central questions that has to do with the project is mostly trying to determine the isotonic concentration of the salt in potato roots and the use of the ideal soil salt conditions for the potato plant growth. In part 2, we had to test the enzyme activity that is in the was involved in the potato, so we can also determine the ideal soil pH conditions for the potato plant growth. In part 3, we were able to test absorb the leaf pigment at various wavelengths that determine the optimum light absorption conditions and was able to make recommendations for the light conditions that would be used un greenhouses. The goal of the first project is to determine the ideal soil salt for potato roots and we can relate this to the project is to find out if Solution A or Solution B has more solute in it. The goal of this project is to determine the meaning of Osmosis.
The recycled solvents have purities suitable for re-use. Fractional distillation is used to separate the crude oil into its various components such as gasoline, kerosene oil, diesel oil, paraffin wax, liberating oil. Fractional distillation is also used for the purification of water. Water contains many dissolved impurities; these can be removed by this process.
This will be done using a respirometer which will measure the rate of oxygen usage. The change in volume recorded by the respirometer pipette will be an indication of this. BACKGROUND INFORMATION