3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Biomass characterization. The characteristics of corncob was shown in Table 1. The proximate analysis result showed that the volatile matter of corncob as 82.87 wt% which be exhibiting to the main mass loss in the pyrolysis process. The ultimate analysis result shown to the chemical components of corncob, high content of aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds was indicated by high of the H/C molar ratio and low amount of polar compounds was presented by low value of the O/C molar ratio. The HHV of corncob was rather low (17.71 MJ kg-1) when compared with a fossil fuel as coal (24.00 MJ kg-1).14
Table 1 Characterization of biomass samples.
3.2 The effect of pyrolytic temperature. The result of yield and composition of bio-char from corncob in the
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SEM micrograph of bio-char product at a holding time of 1 hr (A) and 2 hr (B)
3.5 Energy consumption ratio and energy recovery of the production. The energy consumption ration (ECR) and Energy Recovery were selected for evaluated the effectiveness of bio-char production. The ECR was defined by Minowa and co worker25 that was the following;
ECR = [WCpw (T – Ti)+(1 – W)Cps(T – Ti)]/ [HcharYchar], where Hchar and Ychar are the heating values and the yields of the bio-char, respectively; W is the moisture content; T and Ti are the reaction and initial temperatures, respectively; Cpw and Cps are average specific heats of water and the dry solids, respectively. Dividing the energy required to heat the raw material up to reaction temperature by the available energy of the bio-char that is produced which could obtain to the ECR. The net energy production should be required to the ECR is lower than one, then the overall energy contained to produce the bio-char is higher than the energy consumption in the produced fuel.13 Energy recovery of bio-char production was forecast by the proportion of the energy carried by bio-char produced with the energy contained in corncob14 that was the
C4564 Description: IC50: 3-AP is a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor and iron chelator with antitumor activity. Ribonucleotide reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme for de novo DNA synthesis, is an excellent target for chemotherapy. Its increased activity in cancer cells is associated with malignant transformation and proliferation.
Identification of bacteria within Unknown Culture #21 In this experiment, an unknown culture of two different types of bacteria was assigned to each person, a number of tests were performed to isolate and identify these bacterial cells. Based on knowledge from the previous experiments completed in lab, a basic understanding of each type of bacteria was used to create a flow chart that would aid the process of identifying the unknown bacteria within the culture. A gram stain that is performed initially will narrow down the types of tests certain bacteria will and will not respond to. In addition to the gram stain, some of the tests that were used include, a catalase test, an Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar test, a bile esculin test, and a 6.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) test.
The purpose of this experiment is to create a complete genomic library of Aliivibrio fisheri through the use of the lux operon. The examination of the lux operon gene occurs through the extraction of the DNA of Aliivibrio fischeri and digest a large piece of DNA to smaller random pieces. The fragment of DNA will later be ligated together in plasmid. Plasmid acts as vectors to transport DNA from one organism to another. The DNA will then run through a UV-visible spectrophotometer to test the absorbance of the extracted DNA.
Introduction- We did an experiment about different types of movements called kinesis and taxis. Kinesis is the change in the speed of movement or the rate of turning which is intensified by a stimulus (Meyer, 2006). Taxis is movement towards or away from a stimulus (Meyer, 2006). We did our experiment using Sowbugs.
1. Identify the range of senses involved in communication • Sight (visual communication), Touch (tactile communication), Taste, Hearing (auditory communication), Smell (olfactory communication) 2. Identify the limited range of wavelengths and named parts of the electromagnetic spectrum detected by humans and compare this range with those of THREE other named vertebrates and TWO named invertebrates. Figure 1: the electromagnetic spectrum source: www.ces.fau.edu Vertebrates Human Japanese Dace Fish Rattlesnake Zebra Finch Part of electromagnetic spectrum detected ROYGBV (visible light) detected by light sensitive cells in the eye called rods and cones.
We are doing a gummy bear lab. Gummy bears come in different sizes, shapes, and colors. Gummy bears are squishy, chewy, and sticky, they are made of sugar which are glucose and glucose are carbohydrate. We predict that during this stage of lab the solute and solvent will go through the stages of hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic. We get 4 gummy bears and 4 cups filled half way with different types of liquid, such as Salt-Water, Coffee-Creamer, Vinegar, and Soda.
In Tube A with the water snail, cellular respiration is being undergone. Tube B, is a aquatic plant so, for this tube, photosynthesis is most likely happening. Tube C has both the water snail, and the aquatic plant which means there is going to be an equilibrium of both processes being the photosynthesis, and cellular respiration. Tube D is the control. BTB or bromthymol blue is a solution used to detect changes in pH. The detection of pH is associated with the amount of CO2 present, meaning that the pH changes with the amount of CO2.
The data observed and recorded in this lab shows that the concentration of miracle gro’ does affect the growth rate and germination speed of black eyed peas. The data is shown through two graphs and two data tables. The control group in this experiment is the seeds with a 0% concentration of miracle gro’, therefore the seeds with just water. The experimental groups are different concentrations of miracle gro’ including a 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% concentration. The variable in this experiment is the amount/concentration of miracle gro’.
Tn 4351 was originally isolated from bacteroides fragilis [30] . The transposon was successfully introduced into Cytophaga succinicans, Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Flexibacter canadiansis, Flexibacter strain SFI and Sporocytophaga myxococcoides by conjugation [25]. Tn 4351carries two antibiotic resistance gene. One of the codes for resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin which is expressed in bactroides but not in E.Coli. The other gene codes for resistance in tetracycline and is expressed in aerobically grpwn E. coli, but not in anaerobically grpwn E. coli or in bacteroides.
• Write down the highlighted numbers. Do you observe a pattern? • Does the pattern grow? What is the reason for this? • Write down the last number (say 53).
Our objective was to pick the best chemical to be used in a hand warm. This chemical had to be cheap, relatively safe, and must raise the temperature by 20oC and no more. We add 6 different chemicals to water we record the inshell temperature and then add one a the 6 chemicals to the water and record the temperature change of the water. We also add cold water hot water together to find how much heat would escape the calorimeter. We found that the calorimeter absorbed 71.1J/oC. Then this information to calculate the energy that was released by all of the chemical reaction.
The gummy bear's mass and volume will increase while the density of the gummy bear would decrease after it is put into water overnight. (#)This lab experimented to figure out wah changes would take to the gummy bear’s mass, volume, and density after sitting in a cup of water overnight. To do this the gummy bear's dimensions and weight was taken on the first day, along with its density and then the gummy bear was placed and water. When the gummy bear was taken out of the water on day two, the dimensions, weight, and density were taken again, and the difference between the two days was found. (#1)
The topic of research is, “how fast does an Alka-Seltzer tablet make gas?”. In the experiment, the scientists will be measuring the chemical reaction rates that occur, when 1 Alka-Seltzer tablet is placed in a specific temperature of water. The independent variable during the experiment will be the temperature of the water (degrees Celsius). The dependent variable during the experiment will be, the rate in which gas is produced (in seconds). The constants of the experiment, will be the amount of water used and the Alka Selter compound.
Introduction In class, a series of experiments were performed that pertained to the enzyme known as catalase, which converts hydrogen peroxide into oxygen. Due to peroxide being toxic to the tissues of both plants and animals, both possess the enzyme catalase, which breaks into two non-toxic compounds: water and oxygen gas. Enzymes are proteins that react to certain substrates to create a product, and continue doing so afterwards. Methods and Materials To test reactions between catalase and hydrogen peroxide, groups of three to four people were formed.
Joshua Miller 12/18/17 Fermentation Lab report Introduction The term fermentation refers to the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat (wikipedia). Sugars are converted to ethyl alcohol when fermentation happens. In this experiment we determined if yeast cells undergo fermentation when placed in a closed flask with no oxygen. Glucose and yeast are mixed together in a closed flask and allowed to incubate for about one hour.