Comparing The Correctional Model And Behavioral Model

There are many subjects in the book “The Essentials of Criminal Justice.” Through the fourteen chapters, the chapter I will be discussing is chapter eleven. Chapter eleven talks about the history of correctional institutions, jails, prisons, and alternate correctional institutions. In this paper, I will be discussing only part of chapter eleven. It will be discussing the history of the correctional Institutions which includes the following: the history of the correctional institutions, the origin of corrections in the United States, the development of prisons, the New York and Pennsylvania systems, and the comparisons of the 19th and 20th century correction systems.

My findings focused on the points that mass incarceration substantially affects families and jobs, which then become factors in the issue of recidivism. Moreover, these problems especially target minorities at high rates. To strengthen these points, I could have done more interviews, especially with past convicts or convicts who have returned to jail in order to get more first-hand experiences. As well as interviews with different ages of children exposed to incarceration to see if or how the effects differed. In the future, I hope to expand on the other ways incarceration affects lives, such as through health, especially mental health, or college opportunities.

The 19th century brought a change in the dynamic of the prison system. Public offense and shaming gave way to penitentiary to “prepare for life as law-abiding citizens.” This change is now clearly seen as the just move, extending dignity and a second chance to most inmates. However, there would be certain drawbacks, as were witnessed in later years. As John Esperian writes, correctional thinking always “reflects the ideas and values of the societies and governments which mandated it.”

In 2000, U.S. agencies surpassed the $100-billion-a-day barrier in spending to incarcerate individuals with serious addiction problems. Rehabilitating and managing offenders who misuse alcohol has proven to be extraordinarily difficult. Despite traditional sanctions and ever-increasing terms of incarceration, addiction drives many of these offenders to continue committing crimes, resulting in a revolving door. Alcohol- and drug-involved offenders are overwhelming the criminal justice system, creating unwieldy court dockets, burdensome caseloads, and overcrowded jails and prisons. Yet, programs and sanctions have had little impact on the rate of alcohol-involved crime.

In contrast, stricter policy reforms were implemented into the courts due to the reflective increase in use of illegal substance among offenders. Moreover, the increase in violence and drugs among offenders enhanced stricter policy reforms, for more than 78.7% percent of offenders have used illegal drugs, which is three-fourth’s of the incarcerated population. Also, 62.2% percent of convicted drug offenders meet the diagnostic criteria of drug abuse or dependence that accumulates to be two-thirds of the populations, while 64.3% percent of offenders used an illegal substance regularly. In addition, convicted offenders have a high rate of 56.7% percent in committing recidivism, for Mark Harmon author of "Fixed ' Sentencing: The Effect On Imprisonment

Introduction The rate of prison population has been increasing each year and it is causing problems not only with the prisoners but with society itself. People are being thrown into prison for petty crimes and given small to large sentences to be taught a lesson to not commit crimes. The prisons are being overcrowded with people, affecting the mental state of a person. Not only is it hurting the prisoners, but the amount of money to run a prison is increasing so we can keep the prisoners alive and well.

The kinds of Treatment received should target factors that are associated with criminal behavior. A mixture of attitudes and beliefs that support a criminal lifestyle and criminal behavior is “criminal thinking”. Treatments that are able to provide some cognitive skills training can help individuals recognize errors in judgment that

I believe that people who commit drug crimes do not belong in prison for the rest of their life. Many of these drug crimes are nonviolent and these people could become productive members of society. I also believe the sentencing should not be mandatory for all first-degree murder cases, and that each case needs to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. In this paper I plan to state my arguments on why life without parole is a sentence that should be handed out carefully. I first plan to look at the statistics of inmates to give a clear understanding of how many people are currently serving life without parole sentences in the United States prisons.

Sociologist Erving Goffman classified prisons as a type of "total institution"- a self-contained social setting that exerts near-complete control over its inhabitants. It's a way to legally separate criminals isolating them altogether far away from society in order to punish of their cruel behaviors. As we all know, the prison environment can affect the beliefs, attitude and behaviors of inmates and correctional officers the longer the stay. Ted Conover an American author and journalist, decides to apply for a job as a prison officer after being denied a request to shadow as a recruit at the New York State Corrections Academy. As he enters the gates of Sing Sing prison he realizes through experiences that his beliefs, attitude and even behavior

In the criminal justice system, the corrections component is also responsible for the rehabilitation of the convicted individual. It is their duty to attempt to make the defendant a productive member of society once again. Based on the individual’s behavior while incarcerated, the court and corrections officials may decide to place them on parole, which ensures that the individual will comply with the rules of society once they are fully released from the system. The criminal justice system is an essential role in the organizational structure of not only the United States but also in countries around the world. If there were no criminal justice system to administer punishment, the world would be unstructured, disorganized, unjustified, cruel, and not to mention a chaotic place for it citizens.

First you hate them, then you get used to them. Enough time passes, you get so you depend on them. That 's institutionalized.’ A prison should aim at retribution, incapacitation, deterrence and rehabilitation. I am very well convinced that prison has served its first three purposes by depriving offenders’ freedom, but the

The crime control model believes that punishments for crime should be strict and severe but also be quick. The purpose is to demonstrate to criminals that if they do commit a crime, it won’t be easy for them to get away without being punished. This model isn’t intend to scare people or criminals but it is intended to discourage criminal actions as it shows that the outcome for crimes is a severe punishment. The crime control model also has a goal to put cases through the system quickly rather than having them go to trial because it takes too much time and can also reduce the efficiency. This process also encourages the expansion of court powers if necessary.

A therapist ONLY addressing an offender 's mental illness may be problematic because offenders have criminogenic needs that need to be treated in order to reduce criminal behavior. The Risk-Needs-Responsivity (RNR) model of corrections and rehabilitation was designed by Andrews, Honta, and Hoge in 1990. This model has demonstrated the strongest research-support on its ability to explain and treat criminal behavior. Andrews and Bonta have shown that in order to produce a successful rehabilitation program, the program must "respect the individual, have a psychological theory basis, and should work in junction with the enhancement of preventative services". This model reveals the importance of going beyond ONLY addressing an offender 's mental illness and providing treatment relevant to

“In this light, the search for alternative forms of punishment other than imprisonment should be encouraged and support given to an authentic rehabilitation of prisoners through programs of human, professional and spiritual formation.” -Pope John Paul II. This statement derives from a discussion about penitentiary directors around Europe, but is also directed towards the whole world and is based on the fact that prisoners shouldn’t be punished through institutionalization, however, should be rehabilitated through certain programs. This statement from Pope John Paul II is not only the Catholic perspective, but also the deontological on the issue of Prison Rehabilitation. (Paul II, J.

The theory views the offender as either a patient or a victim or both. According to this theory a person who has committed an offense is not morally responsible for the offense he or she has committed because the offense might be the product of an illness in which treatment is required; this type of person is regarded as a patient. When the offense is the product of a dysfunctional social environment the person is regarded as the victim. The advantage of this approach is that it focuses on the offenders, instead of punishing the offenders this approach focuses on repairing and treating the dysfunctional areas that the offenders are experiencing by means of behavioral therapy and other therapeutic programmes.