Introduction
The Big Sleep describes a time in America’s past where the social order was decaying into a corrupted mob, ruled by gangsters like those of the 1920s and 30s. Out of this dark rubble, mystery writers at the time imagined their detective knight, a private eye who would uncover the corruption and set order right in the world. Raymond Chandler did just this in The Big Sleep, published in 1939. His knight in not so shining armor was Philip Marlowe, a champion of whoever would hire him. This private dick was careful not to past judgments on anyone, knowing that he also had a shady past to answer for. Through the first person narration of the novel, the reader is given a glimpse of Marlowe’s life through his own eyes and thoughts. His subtle turn-of phrase shines light on what he was really thinking at the time, and through these illuminations, the reader is given his priorities and values. Marlowe, for reasons I will discuss further, serves as a proxy for Chandler’s thoughts and feelings. This means that the values and priorities the reader sees in the novel could represent the author’s feelings as well.
One of Marlowe’s disturbing preoccupations in the novel is with the opposite sex. Though consummation is never realized with any of the characters, Marlowe is
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The ‘New Woman’ was an ideal that sought a woman’s individual control over the outcome of her life, whether that was in personal, social, or economic realms. This is contrasted greatly with the Victorian ideal of a woman. Before the turn of the twentieth century, women were viewed as a man’s property and were expected to be angelic, weak, and subservient beings. Though America did not follow all of Britain’s social movements, many in the higher classes tried to achieve the ideal of being a Victorian ‘lady.’ The ‘New Woman’ movement went hand in hand with the suffragists’
Nancy A. Hewitt said in “From Seneca Falls to Suffrage? Reimagining a ‘Master’ Narrative of U.S. Women’s History” that, “In recent years, historical studies have revealed the multifaceted movements that constituted woman 's rights campaigns in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Yet one narrative continues to dominate understandings of the period” (15). This is a perfect example of an alternative histories, which is when important events are so underreported that we are left with one side of history, that doesn’t allow most to know the full history of the women’s rights
In the beginning of the 1920s, women began to adopt new lifestyles that were careless, exciting, and scandalous. These women were called flappers, women who rejected the traditional cult of domesticity and Victorian Era values and began to wear risque outfits for the first time, smoke, drink, and turn to actions that promoted self-indulgence and gratification. The start of the new women lifestyle led to a significant rise in the discussion of gender equality and the quality of life. The passage of the 19th Amendment secured women’s right to vote. This opportunity gave women a voice in the government that was unheard of before, but also played into the gender equality argument that would gain support in the upcoming years.
1849 to 1910 was an important time for America. Reforms were happening all across the board, affecting workers, African Americans, and children. It was also very crucial for women’s rights – voting rights in particular. This period saw the beginning of the women’s suffrage movement; however, it also marked the start of anti-suffrage. During this time, society was divided with one of the simplest and most complicated questions of the era: what is the proper role of women?
A few years later, after the widespread voices that ascended women into recognition for change, movements had begun to assemble in towards greater equality. Women had no place to be involved in political affairs, and as recognition started to manifest, in 1848, “the first women’s rights convention is held in Seneca Falls, New York.” (Imbornoni n.d, para. 2). The purpose of this convention was to acknowledge the equality between both genders and allow voting rights for women. This was the first women engagement into American Politics, it’s also the “story of women’s struggle to be treated as human beings –“separate and equal” “(Lynne 24).
Shown in Document F is just one example of how women were feeling deprived of essential rights. The creation of the National American Woman Suffrage Association aided women in laying the platform for pursuing equal rights and revived the national interest in women’s suffrage. Most reform movements contained numerous women such as the Women’s Christian Temperance Union which attempted to eliminate alcohol consumption. Women began to push away from their original stereotypes and transformed into what was called the “New Woman”. This progressive movement was met with much success.
World War I transformed the country from it’s old traditional ways to a new influential era known as the 1920’s or the “Roaring 20’s”. It changed the way society viewed women, African Americans, and immigrants. The 1920’s also placed a distinctive line between Americans, especially Americans for and against prohibition. By the 1920’s “Flappers” became the new face of women all over the nation.
The article argues that the women’s suffrage movement brought about significant change in women’s roles and rights in society. Frost notes that the suffrage movement helped to raise awareness about women’s issues, and that it paved the way for other feminist movements in the 20th century. Frost also notes that the suffrage movement helped to challenge the notion that women were inferior to men, and that it helped to promote gender equality in
In this paper I will be going over issue 17, “Has the Women’s Movement of the 1970’s Failed to Liberate American Women?”. Sara M. Evans and F. Carolyn Graglia each voice their opinions about the issue. They talk about the history of the women’s movement throughout time and the effects it had in our country. F. Carolyn Graglia writes about how she agrees the movement has failed to liberate American women. Her views on feminism concluded that the feminist movement of the 1960’s and 1970’s was a reasonable but a faulty idea, in that it was based on a worthy opinion (that all men and women should be equal).
The Unnamed Woman Up until the 1900’s woman had few rights, thus they relied heavily on men. Women could not vote, they could not own their own property, and very few worked. Women’s jobs were solely to care for children and take care of the home. Women during this time, typically accepted their roles in society and the economy ( “Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1909”).
Raymond Chandler’s cynical view, as shown in The Big Sleep, is that people will do whatever it takes to get money, and not many people can be trusted. This draws a parallel to the time period in which this novel was written in, The Great Depression. During this period, people were desperate to do whatever it takes in order to get money. Throughout the novel, people have shown the principle flaw in this view, doing anything to get money, even if it is considered illegal. This can be seen at various points where people attempt activities such as blackmailing the General, murdering Geiger for his business, and other forms of crime.
Prejudice and fear are weak barriers against passions, which inherent in our nature and demanding only judicious training to form the ornament, and supply the best joys of our existence, are maddened into violence, varied with as pernicious indulgence.” (Doc #2) The efforts made by the feminist movement of the Antebellum-era set forth a precedent for the expansion of women’s rights in the decades following and up until present day. The patriarchal society that had controlled the nation since its birth was finally met with opposition from those who had been oppressed for so long. Through the dismissal of restrictive gender roles and expectations, the voices of women were finally allowed to influence decision making, and ultimately create changes that would promote equal opportunity for all
The Big Sleep by Raymond Chandler exploits the corruption and the absence of justice that was present in the 1930s. The novel is set in Los Angeles, which at the time was full of scheming city workers. The combination of dynamic and static characters in the story leads the reader into a whirlwind of murders that are unavenged. “Good-guy” detective Phillip Marlowe, is seen as a modern-day knight, left to slay the dragon and rescue the damsel in distress. However, the inexplicable amount of “dragons” that Chandler presents in the novel hinder Marlowe from being able to accomplish his goals without obstacles.
On the other hand, Wilde explores how social relationships can influence the compatibility of marriage between individuals. Both of these factors acts as an obstacle for Jack as he seeks approval to marry Gwendolen Fairfax. Oscar Wilde demonstrates the importance of social relationships and the social status as the determining factors for the compatibility of marriage and love during the Victorian era. The Victorians valued one’s social status as it was seen at the utmost importance when it comes to marriage.
The New Woman represented independent women who were generally unmarried and strove towards social and economic emancipation. They lay emphasis on criticising society’s assertion that marriage is the only end to which all women should strive to. Mrs Cheveley reflects the New Woman as she fearlessly enters London society unaccompanied and prepared to partake in politics, more particularly the blackmail of Sir Robert Chiltern. This kind of venture is singular for a woman at the time where their roles were relegated to catering to the needs of their husbands and their children, not rivalling men in the intellectual realm or threatening the stability of spousal love as Mrs Cheveley did. However despite the singularity of her courageous venture outside the delineated role of a women it is more stigmatised as opposed to the
During the 1890’s until today, the roles of women and their rights have severely changed. They have been inferior, submissive, and trapped by their marriage. Women have slowly evolved into individuals that have rights and can represent “feminine individuality”. The fact that they be intended to be house-caring women has changed.