CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
Is the television programmes that we watch exerting some kind of influence? Is it just one of many influences? Or is it a mere reflection of the society we live in? The influence of media has been studied over and over, producing results that reflect differences in behavior in individuals, in whole societies, and in whole countries (Danielle, 2010).
Nowadays, people live in the world that highly exposed to media but whether a people’s decision will be affected by media or not is still undefined. Scholars have put forth many views on media impact (Danielle, 2010).
Some research shows that, women who are heavy viewers of thin-ideal media may develop the attitude that thinness is socially desirable,
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Heavy Viewers Light Viewers
Yes No Yes No
Number % Number % Number % Number %
116 60.4 76 39.6 91 47.6 100 52.4
Table 4.5: Result of the programme motivated them to go for a cosmetic surgery amongst the heavy and light television viewer’s respondents.
Table 4.5 shows that the programme motivated 60.4% (N=116) of heavy viewers from the respondents to go for a cosmetic surgery. There are 39.6% (N=76) of them do not motivated by the programme. The percentage of 47.6 (N=91) light viewers said that they were motivated after watching the programme. Out of 191 light viewers, 52.4% (N=100) were not motivated.
Statement 6: The programme inspired me to go for a cosmetic surgery.
Heavy Viewers Light Viewers
Yes No Yes No
Number % Number % Number % Number %
113 58.8 79 41.2 88 46 103 54
Table 4.6: Result of the programme inspired them to go for a cosmetic surgery amongst the heavy and light television viewer’s respondents
According the table 4.6, out of 192 heavy viewers, 113 respondents were inspired by the programme, which is 58.8% and 79 respondents were not inspired by the programme to undergo cosmetic surgery, which is 41.2%. Furthermore, there were 46% (N=88) of light viewer’s respondents were inspired after watching the programme and the rest of 54% (N=103) said that the programme were not
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In this study, the cultivation theory help us to further understanding on the impact of media. This study has provided the empirical results to add to the knowledge on how is the media impact, whether it is powerful or less effective on influence the public. Especially for the media field, they can have a better understanding about their own potential on affecting receivers.
The results of this study shows that there is impact on both heavy and light television viewers on intention of undergoing cosmetic surgery after watching the Korean drama which broadcast on television. Throughout this study, result has shown that most of the heavy and light television viewers has had the intention to undergo cosmetic surgery after watching the programme. It proved that media have power on shaping receivers’ behavior, opinion, and intention (Gerbner,
Nowadays, almost one-third of kids are unsatisfied with their appearance, 75% of seven-year old girls wish to be skinnier, and the number of boys introduced to steroids has risen (Winnett). Television is changing people so that they view themselves in a pessimistic way, similar to how television in Fahrenheit 451 is taking over people's lives and rendering them useless. Moreover, television contributes to why people worry. The constant
Becker’s article focuses on the damaging practices and behaviors women can learn by watching reality television. Becker points out that the reality program, Are You Hot?, a show entirely focused on a female competitor’s appearance being evaluated by a panel of judges, is one such program that can lead to female viewers developing body image issues. This is said as competitors are frequently unhappy with the way they look, and they can resort to unhealthy eating habits. Throughout the article, the author effectively criticizes the show and highlights the negative side of reality television. Although the author states that parents should advise their daughters to avoid watching the show and similar programs, she fails to make note of the enlightening effects reality shows have on eating disorder research.
In conclusion, media consumption plays a imperative role in the consumer consumption, especially in teenagers. Often we are bombarded with negative propaganda and negative messages that can lead to hating our self-image and lowering our self- confidence. It is alright and healthy to look like a woman, curves. It is not healthy to look emaciated and malnourished. Beauty is not about how many ribs you can see, or how bony your legs are.
Television has incorporated VHS, CD’s, and cable while Film companies have incorporated suspenseful films with boundless graphics and special effects. Television grew rapidly and has not stopped since its arrival in the United States. It serves many purposes other than entertainment, such as broadcasting news of social and political events. Another use is the broadcasting of advertisements. Television brain washes its audience to think they are not accepted socially unless they wash their clothes with a certain detergent or drive a certain model car.
Within their analysis of cultivation, Cohen and Weimann draw attention to three entities—institutions, messages, and publics. Initial research on the theory establishes that concern regarding the effects of television on audiences stem from the unprecedented centrality of television in American culture. They posited that television as a mass medium of communication had formed into a common symbolic environment that bound diverse communities together, socializing people into standardized roles and behaviors. They thus compared the power of television to that of religion, stating television was to modern society what religion once was in earlier times. Thus, their research focused on the larger meaning of heavy television consumption instead of the meaning behind specific
The main objectives in chapter 9 include the ways media attempt to influence people’s attitudes, beliefs, and/or behavior, ways media technology can be disruptive and have adverse effects on behavior, the positive and negative influences of certain kinds of media, such as advertisements or reality television programs, on self-image. Even though media is a great outlet, media has changed our generation causing effects on self-image and human interactions. Because of its pervasiveness in American culture, the media affects people in both obvious and subtle ways. Modern media comes in many different formats, including newspapers, magazines, television, social media, etc.
Web. 23 Nov. 2015. Krahe, Barbara, and Christina Krause. "Presenting Thin Media Models Affects Women 's Choice of Diet or Normal Snacks. " Psychology of Women Quarterly 34.3 (2010): 349-355.
From an early age, we are exposed to the western culture of the “thin-ideal” and that looks matter (Shapiro 9). Images on modern television spend countless hours telling us to lose weight, be thin and beautiful. Often, television portrays the thin women as successful and powerful whereas the overweight characters are portrayed as “lazy” and the one with no friends (“The Media”). Furthermore, most images we see on the media are heavily edited and airbrushed
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction The number of hours spent watching television in the United States is relatively high with the average viewer watching up to 150 hours of television per month (Gandossy, 2009). According to cultivation theory, people who watch a great deal of television may have their perceptions of reality skewed by the content they are watching.
Today’s reality shows do not depict “normal people” or “normal lifestyles”. Reality TV shows depict the lives of rich high class individuals who are picture-perfect and don’t have a care in the world. Reality television not only plays a substantial part in the lives of children, but adults as well. According to Medical Procedure News, reality television is attributing to cosmetic surgery procedures with more than 9.2 million procedures performed as a result of people watching these shows( ). People now believe in “coke bottle frames” and Botox.
According to the Straight/Curve website, about 70% of teenagers think that the ideal body type can be found in fashion magazines, while only 5% of women naturally look that way and about 91% of women diet to achieve what they feel is the perfect body size. Influence of mainstream media on the beauty standards Johnson (2016) stated that from television shows to commercials to magazine advertisements to celebrity culture, mainstream media has a big influence on how we understand beauty. That 's why media including films, spend money in order to cast for good-looking actors and actresses to trick people into setting up their belief on what beauty standard should be expected. Female characters in Hollywood films Films have the power that moves far beyond pure entertainment. In particular, they can sway our collective imagination and influence our perceptions on crucial issues related to race, class, gender, etc., but the extent to which they reflect real-world situations is bleak, particularly in regards to women.
According to Baran (2012) mass communication can be defined as “the process of creating shared meaning between the mass media and their audiences.” This essay aims to discuss the degree to which we are shaped by our interaction with the media. In order to achieve the aforementioned aim of this essay I will focus on the following: limited-effects theory, two-step flow theory, attitude change theory and agenda setting. The limited effects theory sets out that media influence is based on individual and social characteristics.
Literature Review The study of media influences on society is important because of the impact it has on shaping our beliefs, behaviours, and biases. Many Sociologist have examined the different aspects of media influence on society and this literature review will summarize the findings of five different research articles which focus on the effects of media exposure on society as a whole. A variety of issues are explored including, feminism, racism, sexism, and inequality of the different socioeconomic classes. It is important to highlight the influential practices used by the media to influence people, so that we may better understand the impact that it may have on our daily lives. This literature review examines the many aspects of media
Plastic surgery is defined as surgery that helps people reconstruct their original appearance to what they cherish and demand, such as reshaping a nose or augment breasts (Zuckerman & Abraham, 2008). Since plastic surgery is no longer a taboo nowadays, more citizens are interested and this trend is getting younger too. More and more people accept that this kind of surgery is common in today’s society. Most scholars agree with the increasing trend of demand for plastic surgery, especially the youngsters (Wilhite, 2012; Pearl & Weston, 2003; Zuckerman & Abraham, 2008). Undergoing cosmetic surgery could let people ‘feel better about themselves’ and be satisfied with the part of body they have fixed (Pearl & Weston, 2003; Zuckerman & Abraham, 2008).
Media are platforms of mass communication that can be categorized as either new of traditional media, with new media being forms of communication that make use of technologies such as the Internet, and traditional media being more conventional forms of media such as newspapers. Media, primarily new media, is getting more popular and influential, especially in today’s day and age since we are exposed to it a lot more than in the past and also since media is more easily accessible now. The media can shape our behaviours, perceptions and opinions, and it is important to know how people are influenced and impacted by it. The media can influence someone’s perception of social reality, or perceptions of beauty or even influence people’s behaviours and habits and therefore, the media does shape who we are. One way that the media can shape who we are is by influencing our perception of social reality.