Counselling psychology
The humanistic approach’s primary application has been to therapeutic treatments. Rogers believed that with counselling people would be able to solve their own problems in constructive ways, and move towards becoming a more fully functioning person. He called his therapeutic approach client-centred therapy because of the focus on the person’s subjective view of the world. This approach is used so that the client is encouraged to develop positive self-regard and overcome the mismatch between their perceived self, their true self and their ideal self. Another type of therapy is Gestalt therapy that was developed by Fritz Perls, the aim is to help the client to become a ‘whole’ (Gestalt) person by getting the to accept every aspect of themselves. The techniques that are used in Gestalt therapy are confrontation, dream analysis and sometimes role playing.
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Abraham Maslow
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) believed that all humans are motivated by needs beyond those of basic survival and some needs take over others. Fundamental to human nature is the desire to grow and develop to achieve our full potential which is referred to as ‘self-actualisation’. Rogers points out that individuals strive to achieve their ideal selves because they ate motivated towards self-improvement. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs ranges from basic needs to higher level psychological and actualisation needs. Our most basic need is for physical survival for example, food, water, sleep and breathing, and this will be the first thing that motivates our behaviour. Once that level is fulfilled the next level up is what motivates us, after all of the physiological level is fulfilled safety would then be fulfilled for example, security of body, employment, resources and family. Once the safety level is fulfilled people begin to achieve and fulfil the love/belonging level for example, friendship, family, and sexual intimacy, then the level of esteem