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Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

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Country Level Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio Calculation and Identification of Social and Institutional Factors Affecting It Abstract Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) can have significant contribution in decision-making of both public and governments, but its accurate estimation and use in country level is still limited. There are number of reasons for that and besides all other social-economic barriers the lack of information plays a crucial role. The aim of this paper is to deepen the research made in country level of cost-effectiveness analysis and to calculate the unified measure of effectiveness for countries. That measure is QALY (Quality Adjusted Life Years) which represents the individual’s personal assessment of health, the …show more content…

The method of evaluation for WHO CHOICE is Generalized CEA which measures the costs and health benefits of interventions scenarios and classify them into three groups: very cost-effective, cost-ineffective and somewhere in between (9). As a measurement of cost the direct and indirect costs of interventions are used and to estimate effectiveness the marginal change of health adjusted life expectancy is analyzed. The other measure of effectiveness DALY (Disability Adjusted Life Years) is used in some cases (10) which appears to be the sum of the years lost due to premature mortality (YLL) and the equivalent “healthy” years lost due to non-fatal health conditions (YLD) …show more content…

The EQ-5D contains five questions that refer problems in self-care, everyday actions, pain, mobility and depression and are asked to adult respondents (age 18 and over). Each question has three possible responses: no problem, mild problem, or severe problem. Each possible combination of answers to the questions creates a “health state.” The most highly valued state (perfect health) has a score of 1.0; death has a score of 0.0; and other health states have a score in between, with higher numbers representing that a state is valued more highly. (In some cases the negative values are obtained too indicating the fact that death is more preferable than current state.)

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