Craik And Lockhart Case Study
Psychology Internal Assessment
Aim: The aim of this study is to prove the level of processing theory created by Craik and Lockhart (1972) by replicating the experiment of Craik and Tulving (1975)
Introduction:
Before the level of processing theory, psychologists Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) introduced the multi store model. This model demonstrated memory involves three different stores, sensorystore, the short-term store (STS) and the long-term store (LTS). Atkinson and Shiffrin indicated that purposes of these static stores are to hold progression of information under control step by step. This means that, information must be identified through a sensory organ and stored in sensory memory in order to transfer to the STM trough the control process of attention.
Craik and Lockhart (1972) were very critical of models like multi-store model(MSM). They completely ignored the idea that humans have different memory stores. Instead, they created a new theory on level of processing as an alternative to the MSM.
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They proposed that memory is just a by-product of the depth of processing of information, and there is no clear distinction between short term memory and long term memory. Therefore the memory is enhanced more by depth of processing than by how long information is rehearsed. To understand their theory, it is also important to understand Levels of Processing (LOP). There are three levels of processing: Structural level of processing- this processing looks at a factor in means of its physical shape; Phonological level of processing- this processing is about how does the word sounds; Semantic level of processing- this processing is about what does the participant extracts the meaning of a word they are asked. Craik and Lockhart also
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