Cranial Nerve Failure

Information conveyed through the nervous system moves along networks of cells called neurons. These neurons can only send information one way. Those transmitting to the brain are sensory neurons; those that transmit from the brain are known as motor neurons. The nervous system can suffer from a number of afflictions, including cancer (e.g., brain tumors). Other problems include multiple sclerosis, in which damaged nerves prevent signals from traveling along them, and meningitis, which causes an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

A brain tumor, “is an abnormal, excessive growth of tissue in the brain...Primary brain tumors are classified as either benign or malignant” (“Brain Tumor”). There are over 130 different types of tumors and each one is classified by the type of cell that they develop from. One specific type of tumor is a meningioma. The specific origins of this type of tumor are unspecified, but have been associated with radiation or some type of genetic alteration. The meningioma, has distinctive methods of diagnosis, manifestations with a variety of symptoms, diverse treatment options and prognosis is based on a multitude of factors.

Secondary brain tumors originate in other parts of the body and spread to the brain. Usually malignant tumors become secondary tumors which form when cancer spreads from other parts of the body. Symptoms and Diagnosis: The symptoms of brain tumor are seizures, vomiting, headaches, nausea, issues related to vision or hearing, etc. These are the usual symptoms. However there are certain symptoms that are specific to the location of the tumor: pressure near the location of the tumor, problems in performing

The best way to define the epileptogenic lesion is to use a high-resolution MRI. The high-resolution MRI looks at where the lesion is located and then video-EEG monitoring verifies that the lesion is the cause of the epileptic seizures (Rosenow & Lüders, 2001). The image an MRI produces can indicate structural abnormalities other than lesions, such as cortical scarring from trauma or damage from past seizures (Engel, 1996, Quarato et al., 2005). Video-EEG monitoring is typically evaluated by three aspects: long-term interictal EEG, seizure semiology, and ictal EEG. A long-term EEG detects a presence or absence of temporal abnormalities.

If the sheaths are damaged, the axon cannot transmit signals properly. This can lead to multiple sclerosis. Next, dendrites are finger like receptors where the signals come from other neurons. Although the dendrites do not touch other neurons, they come close, leaving tiny gaps which called as synapses to separate them. An important function of the dendrite is the integration of various input signals.

The human brain is the “command” system of our nervous system, which means it is one important pink thing inside your skull. The way our body and all of our nerves are set up, the brain consists of about 86 billion and more nerves which are connected to tons of synapses that allow us with our everyday thoughts, the emotions we feel, and the movement in our body. Speaking on the importance of the brain, it is also important on how bad it can get if there were any damage to it. Traumatic Brain Injury (otherwise known as craniocerebral trauma) is injury to the brain which results to demolition of some of the brain cells, the neurons, and parts of the brain. Most TBI’s arise from sports or accidents and occur mostly in males.

Rushton bodies are seen in the epithelial lining characterized by a glassy pink (hyalinised appearance)in approximately 10% of the radicular cysts. These hyaline bodies are believed to be due to previous hemorrhage within the inflamed cyst

Cerebral Palsy is caused by brain injuries or brain malformation that occurs before during or after birth that affects the brain's development. There are many ways to prevent Cerebral Palsy according to which category it falls into. There are three categories, congenital, acquired and genetic predisposition. Congenital cases are the result of brain damage before the child is born and often happens because of birth complications. It can be acquired in multiple ways such as having a stroke or being in a car accident and it may also be the effect of shaken-baby-syndrome, it can also happen because of an infection or condition that slows down the blood flow to the brain.

The diseases are caused by defects in any one of 13 genes termed by PEX genes. Those genes required for the natural synthesis and function of peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are required for normal brain development, function of formation of myelin, the whitish substance that coats nerve fibers. They are also helpful for normal eye, liver, kidney, and bone functions. Once a person with Zellweger syndrome has been born, peroxisomes is finish, damage kidneys, liver and white matter in the brain.

after one seizure if there is a high risk of having another seizure.Seizures and epilepsy are not the same. Epilepsy is a disease, rather than a disorder “An epileptic seizure is a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain” (ILAE). According to mayoclinic.org; Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder/ neurological disorder in which nerve cell activity in the brain becomes disrupted, causing seizures or periods of unusual behavior, sensations and sometimes loss of consciousness. A single seizure doesn 't mean you have epilepsy. At least two unprovoked seizures are generally required for an epilepsy