Creams are semisolid dosage forms containing one or more drug substances dissolved or dispersed in a suitable base. This term has traditionally been applied to semisolids that possess a relatively fluid consistency formulated as either water-in-oil (e.g., Cold Cream) or oil-in-water
(e.g., Fluocinolone Acetonide Cream) emulsions. However, more recently the term has been restricted to products consisting of oil-in-water emulsions or aqueous microcrystalline dispersions of long-chain fatty acids or alcohols that are water washable and more cosmetically and aesthetically acceptable. Creams can be used for administering drugs via the vaginal route (e.g., Triple Sulfa Vaginal Cream).
Bases
There are two types or bases of creams: oil-in-water (O/W)
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Oil-in-water creams are more comfortable and cosmetically acceptable as they are less greasy and more easily washed off using water. water-in-oil (W/O) creams which are composed of small droplets of water dispersed in a continuous oily phase. Water-in-oil creams are more difficult to handle but many drugs which are incorporated into creams are hydrophobic and will be released more readily from a water-in-oil cream than an oil-in-water cream. Water-in-oil creams are also more moisturising as they provide an oily barrier which reduces water loss from the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the …show more content…
The solid excipients are melted at the time of preparation. Emulsifying agents include nonionic surfactants, detergents, and soaps. Soaps are usually formed from a fatty acid in the oil phase hydrolyzed by a base dissolved in the aqueous phase in situ during the preparation of creams. Preparation usually involves separating the formula components into two portions: lipid and aqueous. The lipid portion contains all water-insoluble components and the aqueous portion the water-soluble components. Both phases are heated to a temperature above the melting point of the highest melting component. The phases then are mixed and the mixture is stirred until
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How Oil Can Help You Get Rid Of Blackheads Do you want to learn how to remove blackheads, but have never thought to use oil? Strange as it sounds it can assist you to remove your pesky blackheads and leave you with lovely smooth skin. You have probably come across commercial products like pore strips and suction pore removers when you have wanted more information on how to remove blackheads.
In order to separate KNO3 and CuSO4, which are both soluble in water, recrystallization was used. The reason the two components can be separated through recrystallization is because of the temperature dependence of solubility, KNO3 is much more soluble in hot water and insoluble in cold water while CuSO4 is only slightly more soluble in hot water. When the filtrate was heated the solution was saturated with KNO3 but when the system was cooled, the KNO3 became insoluble and pure crystals reformed while CuSO4 stayed dissolved in the
What was the Effect of the Initial Temperature of Heavy Cream on the Mass of Milk Fat Formed? Purpose The purpose of this lab was to determine how temperature affected the mass of milk fat formed from heavy whipping cream, and which initial temperature formed the milk fat with the greatest mass. Background A colloid is defined as a solution containing particles that are sized between 1-1000 nanometers and are dispersed throughout the entire solution, never settling to the bottom (Law, 2017).
). De-emulsified is not a common word in the English language, and even the most educated in society could very well have never come across it. If Lars was trying to simply instruct his readers how to Dumpster Dive, he would have chosen a simpler word that more people would be likely to know. However, Lars chose a word such as “de-emulsified” to emphasize that digging through trash does not mean one is incapable or uneducated, ultimately increasing his credibility and intelligence among the reader. Another example of this can be seen in the following statement “
It can be hypothesized that the water in the product affected the melting point
Another word for Ointment: Jelly b. Lotion c. paste d. Powder Explain how you chose your answer 5. The trouts found it difficult to swim because they Grown old quickly b. Become too big c. the stream became slow d. Sprouted hair and long beards Explain which details in the text helped you choose your
Introduction: Melting is the change of a solid into a liquid when heat is applied. Melting will occur at a fixed temperature which known as melting point. Melting point is the temperature at which the solid and liquid forms of a pure substance can exist in equilibrium. The temperature will increase until the melting point is reached when heat is applied. Heat will convert the solid into a liquid with no temperature change.
This implies the skin boundary is separated, loses dampness, and can permit microbes to develop and enter the body. The loss of water leaves the skin dry and broke. The objective of eczema administration is to renew dampness, and make a boundary to ensure the skin. This is the reason creams can offer assistance.
Introduction: The purpose of each experiment is to test which macromolecules are present in each of the different pieces of food, with the foods being apple, potato and hot dog. These experiments, in total, will test for the presence of three of the major four macromolecules, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. The following are my hypotheses concerning each of the experiments: Carbohydrates - The apple will react, the hot dog will not react, the potato will not react. Starch - The apple will react, the hot dog will not react, the potato will react.
The wax melted first, followed by the salt, and lastly the sugar. The salt not only burned before the sugar, but developed a brown color throughout most of the substance at a faster pace. In the water solubility test, the salt dissolved in the water, as soon as it was properly mixed and the sugar dissolved in the water as well, but was stirred for a longer period of time until it was completely dissolved. The wax did not dissolve in the water, however bits of the substance broke off from the main piece. With this information, the final results included: wax as a nonpolar covalent compound, since the substance melted first and was not soluble in water; salt as a polar covalent compound, since the substance was soluble in water and the second to melt; and sugar as an ionic compound because the substance melted last and was soluble in
Dissolving is the process in which a solvent and a solute interact with each other and form a solution. Melting is a physical, or state, change of a solid to a liquid. Based on the provided information if a substance requires a high temperature to melt and dissolves in water, then it is an ionic compound; and if a substance requires a low temperature to melt and does not dissolve in water, then it is a covalent compound. I predict that salt will be an ionic compound, since it is soluble in water, and sugar and wax will be covalent compounds because they
Mother Nature nearly has the complete gamut of skin care topical solutions that address each aesthetic and medical issues. [2] forever choose natural merchandise to place on your skin. cause you to merchandise yourself with natural ingredients thus you recognize precisely what you lather on. If you decide on to shop for your merchandise rather than creating them, browse the labels before you purchase. If it’s too long to browse, contain ingredients that you simply can’t pronounce, or contains ingredients you’ve never detected of before, it’s in all
When a solid dissolves in a liquid, it then changes its physical state (from solid to liquid) by melting. Heat is needed to break the bonds holding the molecules in the solid together and at the same time; heat is given off during the formation of new bonds between solute and solvent. Results Table1. Results for titration of benzoic acid with NaOH at 20◦C V(NaOH) ml V(C_6
Illegal drugs and the effects of drug dealing, drug use and drug addiction on families/communities. Drugs are substances that can be inhaled, injected, smoked, consumed, absorbed or dissolved under the tongue. Drugs can cause a temporary physiological change in the body and can often lead to drug addiction. Four common illegal drugs are 1. Cannabis (common names are: Weed, hash, skunk, marijuana) 2.