Crime: The Broken Windows Theory Of Crime

Criminological theories have been created by numerous scholars in an attempt to have a better understanding on how to manage crime. The Classical theory is, without a doubt, one of the most significant theories established for the criminal justice system development. Theories, such as the classical theory, facilitate people’s comphrension about crime and all of its aspects. And, at the same time theories may benefit authorities who are able to create, modify and enforce laws based on research. Basically, this theory is the foundation of the current criminal justice system practices in the United States. There might be higher probabilities that the criminal justice system improves if personnel becomes familiarized with criminal behavior. Knowledge

Between the mid-late 1970s and the early 1980s, Dennis Nilsen began mass murdering young men in Great Britain that had at least 15 men through strangulation (Crime Investigation, 2014). In analyzing his life, many of contributions throughout his life could have influenced his criminal behaviour when committing his crimes. Many theories such as broken home hypothesis and schema therapy theory use psychological explanations that determine how the individual resulted into committing their crimes. With schema therapy theory, not only does it discuss the justification for criminal behaviour, but suggests how to reduce the relapse of criminal acts by identifying the cause or the trigger of the individual’s criminal behaviour (Vos et al., 2016). In Dennis Nilsen’s life, there are several indications such as the abandonment of his family members, the termination of a past relationship, and the reclusiveness from society that could have resulted

The main objective of the paper is to critically discuss the aspect that crime is socially constructed. The paper will discuss the arguments and aspects in favour of the topic.

Policing policies including broken windows and zero-tolerance policy have different limitations on what can be stopped. The broken windows theory gave police a wide discretion when stopping citizens. During the time when broken windows was implemented, citizens were able to get away with low-level crimes. Once zero-tolerance began, the officers became more strict in stopping citizens which would make them feel targeted for the wrong reasons, like the color of their skin. The zero-tolerance policy was implemented to update the police’s discretion of what to stop and to keep crime down. The source has limitations because it strictly gives the background of the history of policing strategies to reducing crime. Jeffrey Rosen uses former Mayor Giuliani’s quotes and worked closely with transit-police authority. I would be able to use quotes from this article because it relates to my topic, being in New York and dealing with stop and frisk. My final questions for Rosen would include, why did he not mention more about these policing strategies tie in with Supreme Court cases? Did the Supreme Court tell former Mayor Giuliani to get a more strict policing policy to increase the UF-250 forms? Overall, the source evaluation is informational to get the knowledge of the policing

Social process theory depends on the interaction between individuals and society as an explanation and is also known as interactionist perspective. This theory assumes that everyone has the potential to violate the law and that criminality is not an innate human characteristic but is instead a belief that criminal behavior is learned by interaction with others (Schmalleger, 2012). Social process feels the socialization process that occurs because of group membership is the main way through which learning occurs (Schmalleger, 2012). Social process theory views criminality as people’s interactions with various organizations, institutions, and processes in society (Siegel, 2000). This theory feels that people from all areas have the potential

Stop and Frisk has been a controversial issue since it was first enacted in 1964. Stop and Frisk is a officer protection procedure where a person is stopped for what the officer deems "reasonably suspicious" and then if needed the officer will frisk the person for weapons. The part that has been deemed controversial and what had many departments in hot water was the fact that many of the citizens were being stopped solely on their race and because they were in a bad part of town.

In the wake of rising protests and criticism of police after the deaths of Eric Garner, and Akai Gurley, George L. Kelling, a criminologist and professor, and William J. Bratton, former police commissioner of the New York City Police, come together to present their argument for Broken Windows Policing (BWP). This article they collaborated on mainly focuses on topics that certain “police critics” have brought up against BWP and attempts to prove that BWP is something that should continue to be both practiced, and invested in. Most of these topics are actually not attacking the efficacy of BWP but its consequences, such as Search Question and Frisk (this method of BWP is known as SQF) and counterproductive, BWP leads to over incarceration, BWP

The Broken window policing- when a cop wants to illegally enters and searches a residence he breaking the window policing. This gives him probable cause to investigate and any evidence he turns up becomes miraculously legal. The broken window policing is also addressing the small piddling staff like broken windows, graffiti, trash, panhandlers, and it sends a message that the police, city, and neighbors care and is paying attention to their neighborhood. Hotspots is an effective crime reduction strategy. It’s an Evidence-Based Policing Matrix and in the U.S. DOJ’s Crime Solutions what work clearinghouse. What officers do in hot spots matters. When the authority tells the officers to patrol hotspots is means to increase misdemeanor arrests in

The Broken Windows Theory is effective at preventing crime by cracking down on urban disorder. Broken Windows policing has reduced the number of shootings, murders and other violent crimes in New York City. Through the implementation of Broken Windows policing in New York City, businesses were able to grow because they no longer had to fear having their money or goods stolen by delinquents. Broken Windows policing in New York City encouraged the growth of tourism; by cleaning up the streets and removing criminals, outsiders felt safe visiting. This reinvigoration on New York City also helped cause the influx of new residents because people were able to take the subway and walk down the streets without fear of being mugged or assaulted.

It had a major impact during that time and still remains influential today. One of the most notable applications of this theory was in New York City under the supervision of the Police Commissioner William Bratton (“Broken Windows”). Bratton and others were fully convinced that the uses of the broken window theory, such as aggressive order-maintenance practices in the New York City Police Department impacted the dramatic decrease of crime rate in the city during the 1990s. Bratton used the broken windows theory with the New York City’s transit police force from 1990-1992. Squads of plain clothed officers were assigned to catch turnstile jumpers. The effects were that arrests for misdemeanors increased, while subway crimes of all kinds decreased dramatically. In 1994, when Bratton became New York City’s police commissioner, he introduced his broken windows-based “quality of life initiative.” When he used the broken windows theory, he was able to crack down on certain problematic everyday crimes such as panhandling, disorderly behavior, public drinking, street prostitution, and unsolicited windshield washing, or other such attempts to obtain cash from drivers stopped in traffic. When Bratton resigned in 1996, felonies were down almost 40 percent in New York, and the homicide rate had been halved (“Broken

The article showcases how the “broken windows” theory was popularized, and proven to work, thus Mayor Giuliani of New York City applied the theory to lower crime rates throughout the city. However, it was later proven that the theory had faulty logic, and statistical backing thus losing momentum. Likewise, the article showcases how “broken windows” morphed into stop and frisk, which has increased tensions amongst the populous and the police. Overall, the article discusses how the disproved validity of a popular theory affected New York City over time.

The theory adopts that where there is urban disarray, there is crime. The theory supports their concept by taking care of the minor stuff first, so they won’t have to face as much major stuff subsequently. The broken windows theory became a success in New York City as it actually reduced crime. However, it increased “stop-and-frisk” incidents - all officers are allowed to routinely stop citizens in order to search them for drugs, firearms or other potential criminal possessions. As expected, the stop-and-frisk incidents only resulted in further tension between people of colors, minorities and

Advocates who are in favor of their individual crime fighting polies argue that it was their approaches such as, increased incarceration, decline use of crack, community policing and many more that truly resulted in the great American crime drop. However, there is no single explaination as to why crime fell in the United States, rather it was the cause of different and new policing strategies working together at the same time. The dramatic decline in the use of crack cocaine and the recent innovations such as, deterrence policing all provides tangible evidence that they are some of many plausible explanations that contributed in the great American

The concept of the Broken Windows theory in the terms of policing is arresting people for small crimes so big crimes do not happen. This type of policing is supposed to benefit the people but the officers are the ones benefiting. The first time the broken window theory was used in policing it only worked for the police. Now in present day America it is not working for anyone. The idea behind quality of life policing is to give people a good life. But young people of not only color, feel like they do not have equal rights. And an entire community can look bad because of the wrongdoing of a few bad people.

I will be explaining through the seven elements of crime whether illegal drug use, prostitution, and gambling fit the elements (Bohm & Haley, 2011). The seven elements of the crime are harm, legality, actus reus, mens rea, causation, concurrence, and punishment.