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Critical Discourse Analysis Of Language

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Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is an approach to discourse analysis that goes beyond the textual analysis of language, to include analysis of what is between the lines. More specifically CDA deals with the analysis of linguistic features in relation to the broader social, cultural, political, ideological contexts in which language is used. The present paper is an attempt to show how CDA can be useful to the area of EFL teaching /learning. EFL learners usually face the big task of learning not only new vocabulary, syntactic patterns and phonology, but also discourse and socio-cultural dimensions of the target language. Within CDA, there are many frameworks and analytic tools that can be exploited by EFL teachers, but in this paper focus …show more content…

This means that the relationship between language and society is two-way: on the one hand, language is influenced by society; on the other hand, society is shaped by language. Describing discourse as social practice implies that language and society bears a kind of dialectical relationship. Fairclough bases this idea on Halliday’s 1978. Halliday also perceives a dialectical relationship between language and society: ‘language is controlled by the social structure, and the social structure is maintained and transmitted through language’ (Halliday, 1978 p. 89). This means that discourse constitutes social identities, social relations and systems of knowledge and beliefs, which are always present.
Every discourse has three dimensions: it is a spoken or written language “text”; it is an “interaction” between people, involving processes of producing and interpreting the text; and it is part of social “context” (Fairclough 1992, 2001). Accordingly CDA has three dimensions: description of the text; interpretation of the interaction processes (of production and interpretation), and their relationship to the text; and explanation of how the interaction process relates to the social …show more content…

Analysis of News Reports using Fairclough’s CDA Framework
We will give an example on how to conduct a CDA of internet news reports using Fairclough’s (2001) three dimensional framework. The news reports chosen are about Al-Jazeera English coverage of the Iraq war issue. Wallace (1992) argued that one of the strategies contributing to EFL learners’ critical thinking is exposing learners to texts such as news stories and reports that contain ideological assumptions and whose interpretation depends on the wider context, as well as on the sociocultural and political aspects.
Description and Interpretation
1. Analysis of the experiential meaning:
 lexical items: word collocations, nouns and adjectives showed use of words related to:
• violence :dead, killing, bombs.blasts, fighting, wounded
• Sectarian division : sectarian, sunni, shiite/shia
• Terrorism :Al-Qaeda, extremists, terrorists
 grammar: 6 process types ( transitivity system):Material ,behavioural, mental, verbal, relational, existential
• Al-Jazeera reproduces social

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