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Text And Critical Discourse Analysis

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Chapter II Literature Review This chapter provides the relevant theory used in this study. It is divided into several parts: the explanation about text, discourse and critical discourse analysis, media discourse, representation, representing social actors, sociosemantic inventory, transitivity and previous studies. 2.1 Text, discourse and critical discourse analysis The meaning of “text” and “discourse” are usually misunderstood by some people even though their meanings are different. The term “text” can be understood semantically as a way to reveal a meaning through spoken and written languages (Halliday,1978). Texts derive their meanings by writers and the readers who always play roles in determining means of interpretation. As stated by …show more content…

According to Purwoko (2008), discourse is defined etymologically as the word comes from Latin “discurrere” which means “conversation”. While, according to (Edmoson in Djajasudarma,2006), ‘discourse” is a structured phenomenon which is represented in a linguistics behavior. Discourse consists of three elements such as discourse practices, text production and consumption (Fairclough, 1995). Therefore, to analyze discourse, it needs to investigate how discourse is produced and reconstructed in society. In this case, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is an appropriate approach that focuses with analyzing written and spoken texts to uncover a hidden meaning of the text related to power, dominance, inequality and bias (Dijk, …show more content…

As Hall (1997) says that representation is divided into two types, which are object representation and language representation. In the discourse, the focus is on language representation. Language represents people’s mind and through the language, what is on people’s mind is conveyed. As anthropologists and sociologists realized that representation eventually originates from“what people do” (van Leeuwen,2008). All things which people do can be interpreted as representation eventhough it is abstract. As Malinowski has said in (van Leeuwen,2008) : “Even in the most abstract and theoretical aspects of human thought and verbal usage, the real understanding of words ultimately derives from active experience of those aspects of reality to which the words

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