Chapter 1: About (inter)national critical infrastructures
1.1 Defining critical infrastructures
A country’s critical infrastructures are the specific facilities, services and informational systems that are vital to its national security, economy, public health, and for the security and well functioning of the Government itself. The failure or destruction of such critical infrastructures could heavily weaken or threaten the latter. As such, both the management and protection of critical infrastructures go hand in hand.
Each country is responsible for identifying the national infrastructures that are critical for its security and stability. However, there are certain infrastructures deemed critical by most states.
Which are Romania’s critical
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It initially focused on three main industries: electricity, communications and computers. However, following the increase in terrorist attacks such as the 1993 World Trade Center bomb attacks and the 2001 fall of the twin towers led to the United States proposal that an international partnership should be agreed upon in order to collaboratively face globalized vulnerabilities and attacks. At the end of 2001, the US launched the Executive Order for the Protection of Critical Infrastructures. Two years later, the US tackled cyber security too with the National Strategy of Securing the Cyber Space, where it expanded the notion of critical infrastructures to include water and food management, public health, medical emergency responses, national defence, chemical and toxic substances management etc. This lead to international agencies such as NATO and the EU to also acknowledge the importance of such critical infrastructures and of partnerships for securing …show more content…
Overlooking or bad management of a vulnerability can have serious consequences on the country’s interests and objectives.
Risks are defined as particular contexts, elements or situations (internal and external) that favor the creation of a direct threat.
Threats are then considered capabilities, intentions, strategies and plans that aim to destabilize critical infrastructures by means of gestures, attitudes, or direct actions. The result of threats can include instability, insecurity and dangers of the critical infrastructures and the authorities and citizens relying on them.
Finally, aggressions are defined as attacks (military, cybernetic) that target the weakening or failure of critical infrastructures, with serious consequences for the everyday life.
All these types of security issues can refer to natural disasters, technical and technological errors, human errors but also intentional attacks such as military or cybernetic.
Based on these types of security issues, there are four major strategic objectives of the national strategy on critical infrastructures, as follow
The NIMS provides assistance to each state, which allows them to be prepared for any possible emergency. The five components of NIMS provided a guideline that is used throughout an emergency whether it be Federal departments, State, tribal, and local organizations. Establish a system and being able to provide possible issues that may arise and analyzed the challenges. The national integration center (NIC) ensures that the NIMS is operating at optimal level, that all training, resources, and communicating system are being meet; the NIC provides an assessment NIMS and ensures that each component is filing it responsibility. NIMS is an ideal system that was developed to respond universally to emergencies and the check and balances installed into
The huge attack of Iraq on the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001 left an everlasting impact on the US. On this day many fatalities occurred and much sadness fell upon the world. The first plane of terrorist flew into the North Tower, with a couple of minutes between the second plane flew into the South Tower. The effects of this disaster on the United States were many, including the immediate aftermath/roughage, the airlines, the economy, and the ongoing wars.
The hardening the critical infrastructure and potential targets since 9/11
On September 1, 2001, the country of the United States of America along with the world changed. An orchestrated attack on the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and another target- unknown but possibly the White House -put in place by a group of terrorist, made headlines all over the world. These attacks cost the lives of many people in Washington D.C, Shanksville, Pennsylvania, and New York City. In New York City, a total of 2,753 were killed when two planes were flown into the North and South Towers of the World Trade Center.
Based on benchmarking of the team, what are the key components to consider for your organization in a homeland security assessment? Why? I think before we go into this question that it is imperative that a definition of benchmark be given. A simple definition of benchmark is nothing more than this, to benchmark is to compare performance against a standard (Azevedo, Newman, & Pungiluppi, 2010).
Government Facilities Sector is one of the largest and most complex sectors of the 17 critical infrastructures that’s included in the National Infrastructure Protection Plan. The Department of Homeland Security, General Services Administration and the Federal Protective Service (FPS) were given the responsibilities as co-leads and Federal interface for this sector by PPD-21. The government facilities sector will arrange for the protection, safety, and security of all government assets, employees, and visitors to the facilities under its sector, as well as balanced management of physical and cyber risk, so that essential government functions and services are preserved without disruption. The execution of this will require GFS to reduce the nations
We have learned that it is not possible to prevent terrorist attacks, completely. [5]. Although, DHS, Homeland Security and the many agencies that have come together nationally and worldwide to end terrorism, work to mitigate threat of terrorism, in response and defense, there may never be a 100% certainty that an attack will not happen. And, it is important to understand that threats to the security of the nation do not stop at just
September 11, 2001 was a day that changed America forever. Four hijacked commercial airliners crashed into some of the United States ' most prized and recognizable landmarks, including the North and South Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. These attacks shocked our nation and were intended to provoke fear and a sense of vulnerability amongst Americans. Though the emotional impact of the attacks remains significant, one could argue that an equally devastating and long-lasting consequence was the sharp decline that occurred with the economy. The 9/11 terrorist attacks worsened the 2001 Recession, caused a major increase in foreign defense spending, and prompted an unprecedented initiative to
According to dictionary.com, the word risk is defined as, a situation involving an exposure to danger, an injury, or a lost of something or someone. In Among The Hidden a novel by Margaret Peterson Haddix, readers meet Luke, the main character that is forbidden by a population law. The readers will find that Luke takes hazardous risks and bold actions that change his life by gaining new friends and freedom. According to the novel, risks are worth it because one risks help people build relationships, and two risks help people with making others happy and joyful.
Where did these failures occur? Will our country be vulnerable going forward? The events of 9/11 brought a large amount of vulnerabilities to the surface of our country’s security.
The terrorist attacks on 9/11 have caused many debates over the years since they occurred back in 2001. Two American planes were hijacked and ran into the twin tower buildings, another was hijacked and headed for the pentagon, but thankfully never made it. Thousands of Americans lost their lives on the days of the attacks and to this day the sorrow hangs with us. Security was a huge debate of the time because America is supposed to be the safest nation there is, so how did this happen? America had lots of changes to make the attacks on September 11, 2001.
The safety, security, prevention and resiliency of the United States against acts of terrorism, natural disasters and pandemics do not simply rest on the government alone, but rather the concerted effort of the whole community. The whole community is the idea that everyone, including individuals, businesses, community and faith-based groups, nonprofit organizations and all levels of government contribute to the nations preparedness goal. The National Preparedness Goal is, “A secure and resilient nation with the capabilities required across the whole community to prevent, protect against, mitigate, respond to, and recover from the threats and hazards that pose the greatest risk” (National Planning Frameworks, 2015). As a result of this,
With computer technologies and the internet has connected the world together with the ability to communicate with people in different countries. As a society, we have become very dependent on computers and when the systems go down we cannot function as well, businesses cannot conduct their business. With the internet connecting the world together, it gives concerns for cyber-terrorism and cyber-attacks. Cyberterrorism is when a group attacks a target with intention of causing harm and further political, social, religious, or other goals. Cyber-attacks are attacks on a target system carried about by different people and may not be associated with a terrorist group.
Cyber threats continue to plague governments and businesses around the world. Cyberwarfare is Internet-based conflict involving politically motivated attacks on information and information systems. Normally there are two purposes of Cyberwarfare, espionage or sabotage. Cyberwarfare attacks can disable official websites and networks, disrupt or disable essential services, steal or alter classified data, and cripple financial systems. Cyber operations can also aide military operations, such as intelligence gathering and information warfare.
National Security in the 21st Century will encompass threats ranging from fraud, corruption, illegal migration, transnational crime and environmental degradation. One could consider seven broad subject areas of focus, economic security, food security, health and environment security, personal security and community security. The new threats to national security will come from emerging issues like terrorism, oil and gas depletion, environmental concerns, including climatic alterations, HIV/AIDS and over-population. National Security