5.2. POVIDONE78, 79: Nonproprietary Names: BP: Povidone, USP: Povidone Synonyms: E1201; Kollidon; Plasdone; poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene]; polyvidone; polyvinylpyrrolidone; PVP; 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone polymer. Chemical Name and CAS Registry Number: 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone homopolymer [9003-39-8] Empirical Formula and Molecular Weight: (C6H9NO)n 2500–3 000 000 The USP 28 describes povidone as a synthetic polymer consisting essentially of linear 1- vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone groups, the differing degree of polymerization of which results in polymers of various molecular weights. Structural Formula: Functional Category: Disintegrant; dissolution aid; suspending agent; tablet binder. Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation or Technology:
Tablets containing combination of sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose & crospovidone showed 100% drug release within 10 minutes. It was observed that with the increase in concentration of superdisintegrants, the disintegration time decreased in following order: - Crospovidone > crosscarmellose > sodium starch glycolate.Faster dissolution was obtained when combination of superdisintegrants was used. Dissolution studies indicated, that tablets prepared by combination of three superdisintegrants showed rapid
Sodium carbonate, known for being found in soaps in glass, is soluble when mixed with water. When in its pure form, it is a white, odorless powder that can absorb moisture from the air (Sodium). On the other hand, calcium chloride can be used to melt ice on the roads, control dust, and act as a preservative for foods. It too rapidly absorbs water, but is a crystalline, lumpy or flaky texture that is usually white and quite soluble in water (Calcium). To understand this lab completely, it is important to know the concepts limiting and excess reactant.
Polycaprolactone is an industrial polymer that has a very low melting point, and thus can be used for model making and prototyping. Polycaprolactone was selected for this study as it has been used previously for 3D printing meniscus scaffolds. It is inexpensive and works well with mould related materials. It can be manufactured at high quantities and is very durable and long lasting. It has been used for a large variety of health-related applications due to it being approved by the Food and Drug Administration
• Povidone - Iodine: Antiseptic solution (B- SEPT), from SAGA PHARMA, Egypt. • Benzyl Penicillin: In the form of vials containing 1000000 IU Penicillin G, purchased from Misr Company for Pharmaceuticals Industry, Egypt. The vial was dissolved for intramuscular injection using ampoules containing 5 ml sterile water for injection from Egypt Otsuka Pharm Co., Egypt. • Estradiol Benzoate: In the form of ampoules; each contains estradiol benzoate 5mg. (Folone) purchased from Misr Company for Pharmaceuticals Industry, Egypt.
Magnesium sulfate, or more commonly known as Epson salt, is found in Dasani. Magnesium sulfate has been known to be used as a laxative, treat low levels of magnesium, and can be used to soak in for a bath (Marks). Less commonly used now to control seizures in pregnant women, slow down contraction in labor, and to lower blood pressure (Marks). However, the use with pregnant women has dwindled down because there have been side effects known to have harmed the unborn baby, “Magnesium sulfate may cause low levels of calcium and bone problems in an unborn baby if taken for longer than five to seven days during pregnancy” (Marks). Magnesium sulfate can also cause serious side effects such as dizziness, irregular heartbeat, muscle paralysis, drowsiness, and sweating.
Table above shows the physical properties of magnesium alloy, AZ91D, which is broadly used in the commercial production. Firstly, the melting temperature is quite high compared with plastics, and secondly, the kinematic viscosity is as small as that of water. Temperature difference between the mold and slurry is quite large will cause the magnesium alloy slurry solidifies in a mold within a very short time. So, one has to mold the magnesium alloy slurry at much higher injection speed than the case of plastics, about 10
1 tablet of PBS were dissolved in 100 mL deionized water and kept at 4 °C. 2.2.5 Penicilin/streptomycin stock solution (PenStrap) The PenStrap solution was ready-made use purchased from GIBCO Company. 2.2.6 Trypsin (0.25 %, w/v)/EDTA 1X solution A 0.25% trypsin from bovine pancreas was used to detach the cultured cells from the flask. The trypsin solution was obtained from GIBCO Company. 2.2.7 Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) ≥99% The DSMO acquired from Merck acts as cryoprotectant agent to reduce the formation of ice so that the cell death during the freezing process will prohibited.
For example, antibacterial activity of cetylpyridinium chloride was decreased when magnesium stearate was used as lubricants in tablet containing cetylpyridinium chloride; this was due to adsorption of cetylpyridinium cation by stearate anion on magnesium stearate particle[9]. In one of the investigation, it was observed that dissolution of drug was decreased due to adsorption of drug on the surface of microcrystalline cellulose. In a similar context, adsorption of novel k-opoid agonist by microcrystalline cellulose led to incomplete drug release from the capsules. Adsorption may also initiate chemical breakdown. Colloidal silica was shown to catalyze nitrozepam degradation in tablet dosage form, possibly by adsorptive interactions altering electron density in the vicinity of the labile azo group and thus facilitating attack by hydrolyzing entities[10].
These melting and boiling points are quite high – since ionic compounds use up a great amount of energy to break their bonds. Magnesium chloride is also soluble in polar solvents such as water, pyridine and ethanol, but insoluble in non-polar solvents like hexane. It is a strong electrolyte where it completely dissociates into its ions in aqueous solution. While solid magnesium chloride does not have the ability to conduct electricity; molten ionic salts (liquid) will conduct