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Cross-Linguistic Influence In Second Language Acquisition

1792 Words8 Pages

“The role of cross-linguistic influence in Second Language Acquisition”.

Sharwood Smith and Kellerman (1986) state that Cross-Linguistic influence is ‘theory neutral’ and that ‘phenomena [such] as ‘transfer’, interference’, ‘avoidance’, and ‘borrowing’ and L2 aspects of language loss [permit] discussion of the similarities and differences between these phenomena.’ Cross-linguistic influence is visible in the examination of the procedures that may be used in second language acquisition — in addition to the aforementioned phenomena — such as transfer and interference. Interlanguages and their unique nature also further detail the influence that languages have on each other and confirms how interwoven they are.

There are five ways through which second language acquisition can occur. The first of which, Contrastive Analysis (CA), is an approach that was developed by Lado in 1957. It is described as a system which explains “how to carry out a rigorous step-by-step comparison of L1 and L2 in terms of their phonology, grammar, writing systems, and culture.” (Lado 1957) CA is a rigid and harsh hypothesis of second language learning; its basis is that any errors made are in direct correlation with imperfect learning style of the target language and that any differences between the native language and target language are where difficulties arise. An example would be a Spanish L1 individual saying “es medicin” and directly translating this to “he is doctor”, leaving out the article

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