Overview:
The purpose of this analysis report is to show any findings on the effect of cultural backgrounds on student admissions to college using IBM Watson Analytics. In this report, we focus relationships on student’s high school GPA and ethnicity. Also, included in this report is the connection between a student’s ethnicity and their various placement test scores. Parents level of education and their children’s level of success is also examined in this analytical report. The report assesses these aspects of a student’s life and looks to find a correlation between there admission to college.
The Data
The Data used in this report about cultural background and its effect on college admissions from the admission excel spreadsheet on blackboard.
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There where one thousand five hundred and fifty students documented in the provided data.
GPA and Ethnicity Trends
High school GPA is a familiar topic and a good way to observe possible correlations between data. GPA can tell you how well a student is performing in school. We looked at the effect a student’s ethnicity had on their GPA. We did end up find an association between a student’s ethnicity and their high school GPA. The graphs below are our findings when looking at ethnicity and high school GPA.
The graphical figure 1 above shows students average high school GPA broken down into by their ethnicity. As you can see there is a difference in student’s high school GPA and their ethnicity. In blue are the Asian students who have the highest average GPA. In yellow are the Hispanic students who have the lowest average high school GPA. The green are black students and the orange are white students average high school GPAs. black and white students are in the middle. There is a clear connection between a student’s high school GPA and their ethnicity. We broke down the data further and compared student’s admission status with ethnicity and
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Figure two is specifically total GPA by ethnicity and admission status. By looking at figure two you can see how white students have the highest total acceptance GPA but when you look at their average GPA in figure three you can see their GPA is in the middle. Also, when observing figure three you can see the how close the acceptance average GPA of Hispanic students are to the rejection average GPA of Asian Students. There is a minute difference of 0.046 points. Asian students need to have a higher on average GPA then Hispanic students.
Math Placement Tests
Figure 4 is a heat map of Student’s Math placement scores broken down by ethnicity. The darker the circle the higher the math placement test score. As has been trending with this data so far the Asian students had the highest math score and the Hispanic students had the lowest math placement scores. While white and black students again fall in the middle. Next, we compared students GPA, math score and ethnicity.
Figure 5 compares students High school GPA and math placement score by ethnicity and admission status. Again, you can see Asian students are far above the other students. Also on Figure five you can see Asian students rejected from college have a higher math placement test then Hispanic students who were accepted. White students who were rejected also had a higher GPA then accepted Hispanic
In “Net (Race) Neutral: An Essay on How GPA + (reweighted) SAT - Race = Diversity,” Christine Goodman illustrates the opposing viewpoints in regards to the racial discriminatory efforts by the college institutions to help diversify the incoming freshman class. With this, Goodman provides statistics and opinions of experts on the matter, which includes comparison of such discriminatory acts against other institutions. To begin, she brings up an enlightening, yet controversial court case decision: Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin (2013). This court case demonstrates significance to this topic because it counteracts a previous court case, Grutter v. Bollinger (2003), which, “upheld diversity as a compelling interest that would justify narrowly
1997, pp. 64-65.). I will go into further detail to address some of the questions and explain the individual and structural levels. Susan Headden is the author of the article that I am getting my information from and according from what she found out there are many reasons and excuses as to why the Hispanic dropout rate is so high in
There are many data that show Latinx high school dropout rates have significantly decreased while Latinx college enrollment has increased. In 1996, the dropout rate for Latinx high school students was thirty four percent. Twenty years later that rate decreased by more than half and was at a record ten percent in 2016. That same year, forty-seven percent of Latinx high school graduates enrolled in a post-secondary institution, up fifteen percentage points from 1999 (Gramlich, 2017). Despite Latinx college enrollment being at an all-time high compared to former years, Latinx are still inordinately behind other groups in obtaining a post-secondary degree.
They also reported that most of forty-two of the white students who were admitted had grades lower than her. 168 Latino and Black student applied, all who had better grades than her, yet only five of them were accepted. (qtd in
Some colleges competed falls in the 17.2%. these numbers are falling drastically due to their parent’s history, which triggers bac to their grandparents and great grandparents. Latinos who manage to graduate from Universities and receives a BA or a much higher degree in their majors are in the 13.0%. That 13.0% of Latinos are pushed by their parents to get a better education so that they do not have to work on minimum wage and work on something they love to do for a career, something their parents didn’t do for themselves. Latinos is the race and ethnicities who have a very low University Grads.
In the article, “The Truth about ‘holistic College Admissions”, Sara Harberson expresses how universities that are not allowed to use racial preferences on college admissions, are still devising strategies to work around the laws to produce the same result. Harberson states how the institutions are using what is called “holistic admissions”, which allows a college to factor in a student's background, race and income. By filtering out the minority groups, they are creating a less-diverse community, preventing students of certain backgrounds from a proper education, and taking away opportunities from students based on their ethnicity. Colleges are using racial segregation in the admission process so that they can have a white-favoring campus
So the chances of a white student getting accepted into charter school is much greater than a black or Latino
Carnoy, Loeb, and Smith (2003) found a weakness in the relationships between TAKS scores and other outcomes such as high school graduation rates and scores on college entrance exams. Other researchers (Klein, Hamilton, McCaffrey, & Steecher, 2000) analyzed increases in scores in Texas on the NAEP, increases that they state political leaders attributed to the accountability system, and found that Texas score improvements in mathematics at grade 8 are not significantly different from those of other states that did not have strong accountability systems in place. In fact their data show evidence that the achievement gap between white students and underrepresented minorities actually increased. Some argue that the data show that the accountability program actually negatively impacts schools that were already academically behind before the implementation of the accountability system (Fassold,
This shows that Latino males are falling behind on the scale in attending higher education compared to other ethnic groups. Even though the number of Latinos in general that are attending college is constant and rising, the presence of Latino males compared to females is still very low. To make it even worse, Latino males have the lowest enrollment and completion rates of any subgroup. Latina females are on the rise in higher education while Latino males are having trouble to stay on the map. This confuses me because how could it be that Latinos in general are growing in population at universities yet the presence of Latino males is quite low.
For example, Hispanics are the largest minority group in the nation, “in 2005 the high school dropout rate of Latinos was the highest, followed by those of African Americans and American Indians/Alaska Natives (“Ethnic and Racial Minorities and Socioeconomic Status”). White students had a dropout rate of 2%, 6% for Hispanics in the United States while Hispanics Kansans had a 3.6% dropout rate. This fact corroborates a correlation between Hispanics high school dropout rates, lower college enrollment and the Hispanics low SES that contribute to the low rates of Hispanics educational attainment in the State of Kansas and the United
Every student is an investment, so logically it would make more sense to give aid or admittance to those who are not of color. People of color are more likely to drop out of college because of financial difficulty or other factors. Therefore, educational institutions take insurance policies to make sure their investment was the right one. Even though a student of color might be a much better candidate for an educational opportunity, universities might not give them those chances. Colleges can only offer so much financial aid in a year, therefore, universities are more likely to give that aid to a student who is more likely to spend more time and money at the institution instead of someone who is more statistically and stereotypically prone to drop out.
Asian students perform as well as white students in reading and better than white students in math. Reformers ignore these gains and castigate the public schools for the persistence of the gap. Closing the racial achievement gap has been a major goal of education policy makers for at least the past decade. There has been some progress, but it has been slow and uneven. It isn’t surprising that it’s hard to narrow or close the gap if all groups are improving.
Another thing that places students of color at a disadvantage in college admissions is the persisting cultural bias in high-stakes testing. “High-stakes” tests are those that are tied to major consequences, such as admission to college, or even high school graduation. Fair education reform advocates have long been citing an extensive record of standardized testing concerns, many of which relate to racial bias and discrimination. As researcher and author Harold Berlak explains in the journal Rethinking Education: Standardized testing perpetuates institutionalized racism and contributes to the achievement gap between whites and minorities. For instance, the deeply embedded stereotype that African Americans perform poorly on standardized tests
In reality the policy destroys the camaraderie and team building as unqualified individuals is advanced ahead of those with proven track records. In addition, College Admission boards are also required to screen applications based on quotas that has been established by the affirmative action policy in an effort to promote diversity (James, 2010). American college testing [ATC] and Scholastic Test [SAT] scores are used to forecast future freshman grades and is the basis for entrance into prominent universities.
Martha Peraza SOC 3340 Inequality in Education California State University, Bakersfield Abstract In the United States, there exists a gap in equality for different demographics of students. The factors contributing to educational disadvantages include socioeconomic struggles, gender of students, language or culture, and particularly for the scope of this paper, race.