2. Descriptive Translation Studies (1970s - early 1980s) Descriptive Translation Studies is a term coined in the 1970s by James S. Holmes among others that derived from his division of Translation Studies into pure and applied. Descriptive Translation Studies, as a branch of pure translation studies, comes to challenge major principles inspiring the functional theories of translation, both source and target oriented that focus on the proper use of translation and on the notion of “fidelity to the
Cultural translation is the phenomenon of texts moving from one language to another in translation studies. Homi Bhabha treats cultural translation in a different way in his book Location of Culture. It is the movement of a person from one language-cultural context to another is translation. He is exploiting the meaning of the word “translation”. Bhabha considers human migration also as translation. According to Bhabha he himself translated. Jumpa Lahiri, an immigrant from West Bengal also like Rushdie
When it comes to the translation of proper names with culture in mind Harvey and Higgins (2002: 33-37) introduce a term Cultural Transposition which refers to different degrees and levels of transfer of cultural items in translation. Certain expressions cannot be translated without losing the connotations. Some of them need to be naturalized and sometimes completely removed from the text in order to create a cohesive translation. The whole purpose of Cultural Transposition is to create less foreign
intelligible” (p. 57). The ideology of a translation, according to Tymoczko (2003), will be a combination of the content of the source text and the various speech acts represented in the source text relevant to the source context, layered to represent the cintent, its relevance to the receptor audience, and the various speech acts of the translation itself addressing the target context, as well as resonance and discrepancies between these two ‘utterances’. Translation from one language into another has
into the efforts exerted by the translator to overcome the cultural difficulties when trying to decode, and then encode, the culture-bound words and expressions. The previous part of the study has intended to clarify the reasons why there are significant benefits when adopting an insider/emic approach to fingering out the intended meaning. The reason for choosing Basrayatha is that it is full of many cultural meanings that do not have cultural equivalents in the TT. This approach, insider vs. outsider
A translation constraint, following Darwish’s definition, is “any factor in the translation process that limits the realization of an optimally approximated translation”, both at the internal and external levels (209). External constraints comprise aspects that are external to the very act of translating, such as the working environment, time deadlines and national norms, but also aspects that are inherent to the very act of translating and its manifestation such as the “information medium, readability
Translation is not simply a matter of finding other words with similar meanings but of seeking appropriate ways of saying things in another language. Maritime English and maritime Romanian use different linguistic forms, but these forms represent only one of the aspects of the differences between the two language systems in question. The most fascinating are the cultural meanings that are intricately woven into the texture of the language and it is the translator’s task to catch and render them accordingly
with the individual culture of the given community would mean that translation is impossible. We cannot translate one's thought which is affected by and stated in language specific for a certain community to another different language because the system of thought in the two languages (cultures) must be different. Each language is unique. If it influences the thought and, therefore, the culture, it would mean that ultimate translation is impossible. Another point of view, however, asserts the opposite
human conflicts and should be considered a crucial phenomenon like language in translation process. A set of beliefs and value systems forming the ideology has a commanding influence on the society. Ideology is a way of viewing the world by individuals and institutions. In Mooney’s study (2011, p 218), the term ideology is defined as a body of ideas or a set of beliefs held by people in their native language. Translation is a political activity and product being the result of process of the negotiation
In the first chapter of his book “The Invisibility of Translator”, Lawrence Venuti deals with the term “invisibility”. He examines how the translator becomes invisible, the consequences of it for the translator and translation, and also how translators can avoid being invisible. Venuti’s work is important for examining translators’ situation in society. For the same reason, I found it really interesting and helpful. However, there are also some points that I do not agree with Venuti. Venuti describes