CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS
A Cross Border Analysis
Name
Institution
Course
Instructor
Date of Submission
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT 2
1.0 INTRODUCTION 2
2.0 CULTURE 3
2.1 Cultural Dimensions 3
2.1.1 Power Distance 4
2.1.2 Group Attachment 4
2.1.3 Gender Association 5
2.1.4 Uncertainty Avoidance 5
2.1.5 Time Orientation 6
2.2 Limitations of Cultural Dimensions 6
2.3 Criticisms to Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions 7
3.0 CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE DEBATE 7
3.1Convergence 7
3.2 Divergence 8
4.0 INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT(IHRM) 8
4.1 Employee Voice 8
4.2 Performance Management 10
4.3 Cultural Differences in IHRM 11
4.4 MNCs Role 13
5.0 CONCLUSION 14
6.0 REFERENCES 15
ABSTRACT
Differences in cultures
…show more content…
These terms were changed because in the contemporary society, the role of men and women overlap. The duties that were only being performed by men can now be performed by women and vice versa. A well-balanced community requires both men and women to have a balance in their role in the community (Hofstede, 2014). As it was in the ancient days, a man is tasked with the responsibility of providing to the entire household because he is the head of the house, however in contemporary society both a man and a woman can provide for the house even though the man is still the head of the house, but the wife can still be the sole provider and this is perfectly normal. In gender association, there is high level of association to masculinity and femininity. Hence, some women stuck to traditional norms and behaviours associated with women, like staying at home and taking care of the children while the contemporary women have adopted the roles which were only meant for men. (Hofstede, …show more content…
An example of long terms values is having a separate account for savings and being consistent at it while short term values focus on the past and present for example respecting traditions and performing social obligations. Looking at the aspect of time in a monochronic level, one can focus on one thing at a time and get done with it before setting his or her mind to do something else. However, when you look at time at a polychronic level, it is not absolutely mandatory to finish one set of tasks before starting another one (Hofstede
The time era in which this text is written in the 1930’s to 1940’s. In this time frame, women were supposed to stay home and do the chores such as cooking and cleaning, while
Also exclusive was their “sphere,” or domain of influence, which was confined completely to the home. Thus the Cult of Domesticity “privatized” women’s options for work, for education, for voicing opinions, or for supporting reform. The true woman would take on the obligations of housekeeping, raising good children, and making her family’s home a haven of health, happiness, and virtue. All society would benefit from her performance of these sacred domestic
The gender role shift was most significant to white middle and upper class women. These women shifted to the economic-well-being to the emotional- well-being of the family. This shift helped to create a loving home environment. The term of the “True Womanhood” started to be used during that time. “True Womanhood” was ideals focused on the woman on being pure, submissive, and domesticated.
As women, centuries ago, they have always been expected to do a certain things throughout their lives, such as being around their children the majority of the time or maybe just maintain the house. For all this time, society established a sort of misplaced control over their lives. Recently, however, this has changed; a new generation of society was born which started to accept women for who they are. Many women fought for their rights as well as a change of living for not just themselves but for everyone. Now, as a new dawn breaks, women can be seen in the seats of power and responsibility which they were wrongfully denied for generations.
The role of the traditional housewife was very prominent in the 30s compared to the more gender-neutral roles in the household of today. Although a lot of people are beginning to mix gender roles and make certain jobs gender-neutral, the typical model of a traditional family is still expected out of many
Over a period of time, the mind of humans has evolved, more so in situations of morals and how everyone should play a certain role in society. Each novel or piece of writing, we read in the course truly expresses the transition of how many view the world, specially towards the role of gender. From conformity to stereotypical opinions, women were viewed to have a specific role or behavior in society. Many years ago, women’s contributions to society were unequal and controlled by men. Does not sound normal, because today women is projecting a major role in many important areas.
Women and children are socialized to be submissive to male authority and the women’s role is clearly taking care of the home, the husband and the children (Coltrace, Park & Adams,
Prior to the rise of these activist women were expected to marry, cook, clean, and birth children. All these things were seen as traditional values and a societal norm. However, as time went on more women started to challenge these norms and bend the boundaries. The rise of women rights activists inspired many women’s dormant voice was to speak volumes. It left many people uncomfortable and surprised.
Gender roles in the 1900s were expectations that society had to follow in order to have balance. However, women were the ones who carried the weight of the load in the family. In the article "I Want a Wife" by Judy Brady gave an overview of the expectations women had to undergo in society. A wife had to to keep everything in check from the care of the children to having everything prepared and ready, and filling the needs of everyone else.
Women have particular roles in which society expects them to carry-out without failing; she is expected to be an obedient wife, a caring mother and conscientious homemaker. Society has painted an image of the “ideal wife” through media, marketing, and norms in which she is restricted to her home and nurturing her family, and gaining the respect of the community. A hard-working housewife was supposed to have dinner ready by the time her husband returned from work, perform and agreed without question. Women were not allowed to go to school, or work, and most times were forced to stay at home causing the housewife role to be the only job
In her conventional view, a woman must support her husband by creating an organized home and nurturing him. Women are not only in charge of doing the housework and childcare, but they have their own individual dreams they want to reach. It is discriminatory towards women when they live under the social expectations of being uneducated and a supported wife. From the textual support, it is evident that women struggle to reach their individual goals under a male-dominant society that require women to be
The women were expected to create a happy home, guard the religion, and the morality of her family. The unmarried and married women who tried to seek work outside the home faced limited employment opportunities because of their gender. Women were expected to only focus on domestic duties and her role were limited to continue living in the man’s world. Women roles were expected to be in line with the culture and norms set by the society. The American culture perceived that women were not intellectually and emotionally stable to be involved in the complex world of work and, therefore, women did not take up leadership and political roles.
Hutchison mentions to Mrs. Delacroix, “Thought my old man was out back stacking wood” (Jackson 106). This is precisely the way society previously was; both men and women knew their role and without any questions blindly followed it since it was what they had known to be right their whole life. Nowadays very rarely are women seen being simple stay-at-home mothers, not working or being submissive to men. Women have become dominant, many establish solid careers and provide financial stability along with their husbands to their children, some even maintain households on their own as a single parent. Throughout time there has been a major shift in the structure of families.
During the 1890’s until today, the roles of women and their rights have severely changed. They have been inferior, submissive, and trapped by their marriage. Women have slowly evolved into individuals that have rights and can represent “feminine individuality”. The fact that they be intended to be house-caring women has changed.
The part and role in which women played in their society significantly varies throughout the world, depending on the place and region. However, they all share a common similarity in which men are the most dominant in every aspect of society, therefore, men are perceived to have more authority and power than women. In the comparison of ancient civilizations and modern times, it is significant how the rights and roles of women have positively changed, giving women more chances and opportunities in society, therefore, influencing and impacting society in many beneficial ways as well as, nowadays, women and men are finally seen as