This journal by Oonagh Reitman is discussing about the similarities critiques regarding international human rights by two different perspectives, cultural relativism and feminism. The author argue that even though both have similarities in the critique, they actually have a strong contrary definition and perspective about the human rights itself. Besides, the author also pointed out the critique from cultural relativist to feminist and vice
Feminism is a discourse that involves various movements, theories and philosophies which are concerned with
Introduction Feminist standpoint theory came into being in the 1970’s and 1980’s. The genealogy of feminist standpoint theory however began with Hegal ’s account of the slave/master dialectic, and after that with Marx and, Lukacs’ development of the idea of a standpoint of the proletariate. Hegal’s argument was that a slaves can in time reach a state “freedom of consciousness” due to their realisation of self-consciousness through struggles against the master, and through physical labour that enables him/her to fashion the world - to affect it in various ways. Hegal’s analysis of the slave/master relationship and the struggle that took place gave rise to the idea that oppression is better studied and analysed from the point of view of the oppressed,
In the articles, “The Scarlet Letter” by Nathaniel Hawthorne, "Wonders of the Invisible World - Trial of Martha Carrier" by Cotton Mather, and "Model of Christian Charity” by John Winthrop, each author expresses the importance of unity and uses different methods. In the novel, Hester stands in front of a crowd determined to accuse her and force the scarlet letter, or fabric in the shape of an “A,” signifying “adulterer” on her. Previously, Hester married an older man, Chillingworth, who temporarily sent her to America. Meanwhile, she enters an affair with the Puritan minister Dimmesdale and births their child, Pearl. Hester lives with Chillingworth who eventually dies before Dimmesdale, causing her to disappear and return peacefully alone. Throughout all three stories the authors display the importance of abolishing discrimination at different intensities, proving Hester Prynne’s struggle and heroism.
Cultural Relativism is a theory that states various cultures have their respective and distinct moral values. First introduced by anthropologist Franz Boas and popularized by his students, this theory was meant to explain the reasons behind the different practices carried out across different communities (Lewis, 2001). In recent years, modern philosophers James and Stuart Rachels openly disagreed with the validity of Cultural Relativism by claiming that all human communities hold the same fundemental values. This essay will argue for the validity of Cultural Relativism because different cultures have different goals, and therefore have their own distinct moral codes.
Feminism has come to mean the push for equality for every gender and intersectional group. This is quite clear in the works of Collins and Lorde in their pieces around the intersectionality within modern feminism. In the past, some people have used the word feminism to support their own interest groups. These groups defined and used feminism differently than the feminist community does currently. Based upon works by Betty Friedan and documents like Declaration of Sentiments, feminism to these “classic feminists” is defined by the oppression faced by upper class, white, heterosexual, cisgendered women. By doing so these groups have hindered the plight of modern feminism. By this historical outdated definition of feminism institutions such as
Aubrey Rose A, Barangot English 27B Title Gender Equality: An Established Human Right Thesis Gender Equality and Stereotypes Inroduction The gender equality has been accepted and acknowledged as human rights’ principles since the adoption of charter of United Nations in 1945. Most of the international agreements such as ‘the Millennium Development Goals (2000)’ and ‘the World Conference on Human Rights (1993) have highlighted and stressed the grave need for nations to take appropriate actions against such discriminatory practices. To give clarity to this research, the researcher uses the following definitions: “Everyone has a fundamental right to live free of violence.
James Rachels has a better argument than Ruth Benedict in defending Moral or Cultural relativism. Rachel agreed that the fact supporting the proposition for Cultural Relativism does not support the argument. Benedict argues from a functionality standpoint, where she used certain human traits to support her argument as being abhorrent in some society but being adequately functional in another society. Though Rachel and Benedict still drew the same analogy of using Homosexuality as an example of abhorrence in one society as being acceptable in another, Rachel argues that it is a matter of moral relativism and cannot be right or wrong, rather it depends on the society one is drawing his or her moral codes from, but Benedict is arguing from the
Introduction Islam and feminism are often related together in most of discussion as there are some people blame Islam for not giving freedom to women and some other people used to establish human’s right according to Islam especially for feminist properties. Feminism is defined as both a political view and a theory where the subject of analysis centres on gender and provided a platform for women to claim equality, rights and justice. Feminism in basis concerned on four foremost, which are to clarify the origins and reasons of gender inequality, describe the operation and ingenuity of this situation, portrays effective approaches to either beget full equality between genders or possibly improve the impacts of continuous inequality and envision
The women right movements that have been coming up are based on the standards and encounters of different endeavors to elevate social equity and to enhance the human condition. These endeavors are known as reforms. Women right movements are among the main rights movement that were developed in the early times. The individual and authentic relationships that met up, and often split separated the movements for women’s rights that existed since 1877, have advanced over the ensuing century. To give a clear unfolding of events on women’s movements, the essay will attempt to analyze for events that had a positive change on women and their status in the world.
Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun presents the rise of feminism in America in the 1960s. Beneatha Younger, Lena Younger (Mama) and Ruth Younger are the three primary characters displaying evidences of feminism in the play. Moreover, Hansberry creates male characters who demonstrate oppressive attitudes towards women yet enhance the feministic ideology in the play. A Raisin in the Sun is feminist because, with the feminist notions displayed in the play, women can fulfil their individual dreams that are not in sync with traditional conventions of that time.
Human rights protection is alleged as an international affair and our rights values are euro-centrically influenced, according to the article. Jonathan Wolff’s article advocates for the need of balancing and protecting human rights, especially the second-generation rights as they are equally, if not the most essential to the first-generation
The first wave feminists may have been classified as ‘Wowsers’ by some, due to people’s perceptions in the way they used the ideas of society, and behaviour of men, during the late 19th to early 20th century to oppose their exclusion from social and political life, and to improve society’s views of women and women’s rights. This essay will argue that the first wave feminists were not ‘Wowsers’, and that the women’s movement needed to act against the behaviour of men and society’s ideologies to improve women’s rights. This will be demonstrated by examining the social construction of gender role expectations and masculinity. While also focusing on societies views of sexuality and sexual morality and the impact this had on women and young girls
“Almost half of all women age 15-44 have used drugs at least once in their life. Of these women, nearly 2 million have used cocaine and more than 6 million have used marijuana within the past year. Most women drug abusers use more than one drug”( Women in Drug Abuse). In Brave New World by Aldous Huxley he predicted that everyone would live in a society that was calm and didn 't have bad tempers. Huxley created a drug called soma which would vanquish people 's emotions and they 're willing to be contempt with a society that was picked for them and be extremely happy. Huxley predicted that in modern day society people would be on drugs and reliable of them. What are the unique needs for women with substance abuse?
Another example of Huxley’s criticism of state control is through Feminism. This examination will show how the government takes complete control of the women in Brave New World and perceives them as objects. Sexuality in Brave New World is not complicated as it is in our society because in our society we have the need to label everything that seems different, labeling eases people. Citizens in Brave New World are forbidden to love anyone, they cannot become involved in a romantic or permanent relationship, and they must practice promiscuity and not monogamy. Promiscuity is still not accepted in our society but many people do practice it. Women who have multiple partners will be shamed and labeled as a “whore” contrary to men who will be cheered for their many partners. Orgy Porgy is an act in which the residents must participate in, they will have a lot of sex with a lot of people as a good time, they will receive pleasure from sex because they were condition to love it. Not only is having sex with anyone considered normal in Brave New World, but women are viewed and treated as objects. One example is the caste system that is made up of men and women