2. Experimental 2.1. Catalyst preparation The CuMnOx catalyst was prepared by the co-precipitation method, the aqueous solution manganese acetate (Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O) and copper (II) nitrate (Cu(NO3)2.2.5H2O) were premixed by stirring for 1 hour. After the proper mixing of the copper nitrate and manganese acetate solution, it was added to the aqueous KMnO4 solution by a burette under the stirring conditions. After dropped completely the copper manganese solution into the precipitant ageing for 2h, then filtered, washing several times with hot deionized water. After washing drying the precursor in an oven and calcination it in flowing air calcination conditions before measuring of the catalyst activity test. The amount of copper was added varied to the preparation of CuMnOx catalysts with nominal Cu/Mn molar ratios. After drying of the precursors their granules were crushed into powdered form for activity measurement purposes. 2.2 Characterization of catalysts The Scanning electron micrographs (SEM-EDX) produced the high-resolution image of a catalyst by an electron beam and the …show more content…
The CO oxidation efficiency was confirmed as a function of the [Cu]/[Mn] ratio and the reaction time. The binary Cu-Mn oxides have a flexible metal valences (Cu1+/2+ and Mn3+/4+) which give increase to their specific properties and outstanding catalytic activities for CO oxidation. The enhanced catalytic performance can be explained by the improved lattice oxygen mobility, specific surface area, and pore volume into the Cu-Mn catalysts. The binary Cu-Mn mixed metal oxide has a good potential for practical applications to decrease CO in air
Deductive reasoning was used by determining the identity of an unknown copper mineral by looking at different possible copper minerals in the database with observations that were taken throughout the entire lab. Through roasting, the percentage of mass could be found through the mass of copper contained in an unknown copper containing mineral sample by gravimetric analysis of the copper (II) oxide produced. Through the idea of smelting and spectroscopy the identity of the unknown copper could be found through careful calculations and analysis of the lab.
3.1 Project Methodology In order to make sure that this project is on track, proper planning and scheduling is crucial. It is necessary to identify the significant key points which are photocatalytic activity of SWCNTs, properties of carbon nanotubes and titanium oxide, available testing procedures using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other spectroscopic methods. In this section, a brief detail provided regarding the methods used, sol-gel, hydrothermal and electrospinning. Also, the available tests that will be used are explained.
K.D.A. Saboia et al. , (2007) have been prepared the Bi4Ti3O12–CaCu3Ti4O12 {[BIT(X)–CCTO(100-X)]} composite powders through solid state reaction method and calcined in the range of 900 to 1020 ºC for 12 h. The as-prepared powders have modified in the form of thick film onto alumina ceramic substrate by utilizing screen printing. At 100 Hz, the value of dielectric constant (κ) of CCTO100 and BIT100 is 316.61 and 53.64 respectively. Conversely, the composite with X=20 % shows an unexpected dielectric constant of 409.71, which is around 20% higher in comparison with the CCTO.
The lab started off by measuring critical materials for the lab: the mass of an an empty 100 mL beaker, mass of beaker and copper chloride together(52.30 g), and the mass of three iron nails(2.73 g). The goal of this experiment is to determine the number of moles of copper and iron that would be produced in the reaction of iron and copper(II) chloride, the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and the percent yield of copper produced. 2.00 grams of copper(II) chloride was added in the beaker to mix with 15 mL of distilled water. Then, three dry nails are placed in the copper(II) chloride solution for approximately 25 minutes. The three nails have to be scraped clean by sandpaper to make the surface of the nail shiny; if the nails are not clean, then some unknown substances might accidentally mix into the reaction and cause variations of the result.
The reaction between Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Carbonate led to the formation of gaseous Carbon Dioxide, aqueous water, and aqueous solution of Sodium Chloride as a result of all compounds containing alkali metals solubility. Lastly, Copper Sulfate and Sodium Carbonate reaction produced an aqueous sodium sulfate solution and a solid precipitate of Copper (II) Sulfite because of all alkali metals and sulfates ability to be soluble and the rule that any compound containing CO₃ is insoluble. In the end, the hypothesis that if we react mystery chemicals with one another, we will be able to identify the reactants and products, create balanced equations, and observe properties because of our prior knowledge learned throughout the course of the unit and using the known chemical reaction was accepted by the data
Therefore, the selective hydrogenation of Carbon dioxide to produce methanol requires the preservation of the chemical structure of CO2, specifically the C= O bond, to achieve high selectivity and efficiency of methanol production. 6. (1 point each) Table 1 describes some initial (before testing) and spent (after testing) properties of the
Richard Heck is a chemist known for his works on carbon-coupling through the use of the atoms of the metal palladium to catalyze the bonding of carbons. This method was known as the Heck reaction. He was awarded the Nobel Laureate Prize in Chemistry last 2010 for his works that lead to a new way of innovation and inspiration to both young and old chemists. Heck was inspired to study science and in particular, chemistry from his interest in planting orchids when he was a child. As a teenager, he was interested in the chemicals that compose fertilizers and the pigments and nutrients of plants that lead to his eventual pursuance of chemistry through college and eventually earning himself a PhD at UCLA.
In the round-bottom flask (100 mL), we placed p-aminobenzoic acid (1.2 g) and ethanol (12 mL). We swirled the mixture until the solid dissolved completely. We used Pasteur pipet to add concentrated sulfuric acid (1.0 mL) to the flask. We added boiling stone and assembled the reflux. Then, we did reflux for 75 minutes.
Balanced Chemical Equation: Cu(s) + 4HNO3(aq) —> Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NO2 (g) + 2H2O (l) Reaction 2: when sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to copper (II) nitrate (Cu(NO3)2), a double displacement reaction will occur. Copper and sodium will displace each other to create copper (II) hydroxide and sodium nitrate. Balanced Chemical Equation: Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) —> CuOH2 (s) + 2NaNO3 (aq) Reaction 3: When copper (II) hydroxide is heated, a decomposition reaction will occur. The reaction will decompose forming two compounds, Copper (II) oxide, and water. Balanced Chemical Equation: Cu(OH)2 (s) + Heat —> CuO (s)
The objective of this two-part experiment was to in Part I, create 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone via oxidation of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol to provide a source of ketone for reduction procedures. Part II of the experiment was conducted preforming a series of reduction reactions in effort to asses the diastereoselectivity of aluminum isopropoxide (MPV reduction), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), and L-selectride when reacted with 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone. The methods used for analysis were TLC, IR, and 1HNMR spectroscopy. An oxidation of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol was conducted to produce the ketone, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone using oxidizing reagent, sodium hypochlorite in glacial acetic acid solvent.
Abstract – Methyl trans-cinnamate is an ester that contributes to the aroma of strawberry. It can be synthesized by an acid-catalyzed Fischer esterification of a methanol and trans-cinnamic acid under reflux. The solution was extracted to obtain the organic product, and evaporated residual solvent The yield was 68%, but there is some conflicting data regarding the purity. The melting point, IR, GC-MS indicate a highly pure desired product whereas 1H NMR shows there are unreacted reagents still present.
In this method ethylene glycol (fisher scientific 99.5%) is used as solvent and strong base sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (Qualigens 98%) is used as reducing agent along with NaBH4. Iron chloride tetra hydrate (FeCl2.4H2O) (Moly Chem 98%), Cobaltous acetate (Co(CH3COO)2.4H2O) (sd-fine chem. Limited 99%) are the metal precursors used in this Co and FeCo synthesis, PVP (C6H9NO)n (sigma Aldrich 99.9%) acts as surfactant. 2.1 Synthesis of Co Nanoparticles 2.1.1 Experimental
Corresponding Author: abrar.muslim@che.unsyiah.ac.id Abstract The Australian Pine cones (APCs) was utilised as adsorbent material by physical and chemical activation for the adsorption Cu(II) from aqueous solution. FTIR and SEM analysis were conducted to obtain the active site and to characterise the surface morphology of the APCs activated carbon (APCs AC) prepared through pyrolysis at 1073.15 K and the alkaline activation of NaOH. The independent variables effect such as contact time, Cu(II) initial concentration and the activator ratio in the ranges of 0-150 mins, 6.5-370.5 mg/l and 0.2-0.6 (NaOH:APCs AC), respectively on the Cu(II) adsorption capacity were investigated in the APCs activated carbon-solution (APCs ACS) system with 1 g the APCs AC in 100 ml Cu(II) aqueous solution with magnetic stirring at 75 rpm, room temperature of 298.15 K (± 2 K), at 1 atm and normal pH. As a result, Cu(II) adsorption capacity dramatically increased with
Manganese (IV) oxide is an inorganic compound and a heterogeneous catalyst .Heterogeneous catalysis happens when the catalyst is in different phase from the reactant so since hydrogen peroxide is liquid and Manganese (IV) oxide is solid at room temperature this qualifies as heterogeneous catalysis, In heterogeneous catalysis, the reactants diffuse to the catalyst surface and adsorb onto it, via the formation of chemical bonds. After reaction, the products desorb from the surface and diffuse away. Hydrogen peroxide decomposes slowly therefore the use of a catalyst will show a great increase in the rate of decomposition at room temperature. Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to form water and oxygen .The
SEM-EBSD/EDX samples were prepared by coating of solid particles into a conductive layer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra were recorded with