ipl-logo

Cyber Routine Activity Theory

1698 Words7 Pages

Introduction
Cyber stalking can be defined as the repeated pursuit of an individual using electronic or internet-capable devices (Reyns, Henson, & Fisher, 2012). A number of online behaviours carried out by the offender can be considered cyber stalking. According to the National Crime Victimization Study, these behaviours include harassment or threats via e-mail, instant messenger, chat rooms, message or bulletin boards (Baum, Catalano, Rand & Rose, 2009). This analytical review will be discussing four sources that examine the routine activity theory, and whether it can be used to explain cyber stalking victimization. The routine activity theory (RAT) provides an explanation of how opportunities for criminal victimization are produced by individuals’ …show more content…

The study of cybercrime in the light of RAT has been tested moderately well, but does suffer from some miss measurements and methodological issues. These issues largely stem from the novelty of the subject. Previous criticisms by scholars such as Yar have argued that the lack of false information regarding the motivated offender weakens the power of RAT. However, the theory does offer significant promise in explaining crime causation in the cyber world by tracing what activities or tools might increase or decrease chances of cyber stalking and …show more content…

G., & Lee, T. (2010). Parental Regulation and Online Activities: Examining Factors That Influence a Youth’s Potential to Become a Victim of Online Harassment. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 4, 685-698.
Ngo, F.T. and R.Paternoster. 2011. “Cybercrime Victimization: An Examination of Individual and Situational Level Factors.” International Journal of Cyber Criminology 5(1): 773-793.
Reyns, B. W., Henson, B., Fisher, B. S. (2011). Applying Cyber lifestyle-Routine Activities Theory to Cyberstalking Victimization. Criminal Justice and Behaviour, 38, 1149-1169.
Reyns, B.W., Henson, B. and Fisher, B.S. (2012) ‘Stalking in the twilight zone: Extent of Cyberstalking Victimization and offending among college students’, Deviant Behaviour, 33(1), pp. 1–25.
Wilsem van, J.A. 2011a. “Worlds Tied Together? Online and Non-Domestic Routine Activities and Their Impact on Digital and Traditional Threat Victimization”. European Journal of Criminology 8(2): 115-127.
Wilsem van, J.A. 2011b. “Bought it, But never got it”. Assessing Risk Factors For Online Consumer Fraud Victimization.” European Sociologic Review 29(2): 168-178.
Yar, M. (2005). The Novelty of Cybercrime. European Journal of Criminology, 2,

Show More
Related

  • Annotated Bibliography

    978 Words  | 4 Pages

    Perpetrators on the other hand, would be able to answer how excessive use of the internet and social media led them to become cyber bullies. Both victims and perpetrators would be able to rate how the excessive use of the internet and social media’s influences played a part in their involvement with cyber bullying either as a victim or a cyber bully. In addition to that, a few open ended questions could be added to allow the participants to express their

    Read More

  • 18 US Code: 1030-Fraud And Abuse Act

    1476 Words  | 6 Pages

    Now focusing on cyber security and communication security which are the following parts that make up the national security. Each one of these parts are responsible for a specific function. Cybercrime is attacking the information systems, sometimes identity theft, but in some cases fraud. By providing insight into causes of cybercrime, its participants their motivations, then we identify some of the major issues dealing with these crimes. With cybercrime being nondiscriminatory, also dramatically increase.

    Read More

  • Annotated Bibliography

    1456 Words  | 6 Pages

    “Adolescents who expressed school massacre threats online, as compared to those who made in-person threats, had more often issued the threat with clear intention and had more often made preparations to carry out the act” (Patton et al., 2014). The newest area of research that they found a presence of on social media was street gangs. Street gangs being on social media are described as a form of cyber-bullying because they are often “cyber-banging”, also known as internet banging by police officials. They found that urban gangs use social media to facilitate violence and crime. “Examples of violence and crime on social media include, but are not limited to: selling drugs, downloading illegal music and videos, harassing or threatening someone online, attacking someone on the street because of something said online, and posting videos of violence and threats online”

    Read More

  • Counter Arguments For The Sexualization Of Children

    593 Words  | 3 Pages

    Technology has expanded over recent years, and internet use has become excessive. An increasing amount of children are using the internet without sufficient scrutiny. The age of consent in the United Kingdom is sixteen, for this essay children will be described as those below this. This essay will be using arguments of sexualisation, child pornography, and cyber stalking to explain why the internet can cause criminal conduct. However, counter arguments such as, the normalisation of sexual images of children, and the relativeness of the definition of cyber offences as a crime will be presented.

    Read More

  • Social Media Law Enforcement

    1809 Words  | 8 Pages

    With all the new advanced technology being made and new models of old ones being made everything is evolving so fast, and our society is changing with it. Cell phones, computers, and other forms or electronics are making it easier than ever to connect to the Internet so that citizens can socialize easier with friends, families, co-workers and even people in different parts of the world. According to ("Social Media and Law Enforcement",2016) “The Internet has been available for widespread public use since the early 1990s, in its two decades of existence the Web has become an integral part of everyday life. It is hard to recall how society functioned without it.”. Law enforcements have learned that criminals have evolved with technology as well,

    Read More

  • Annotated Bibliography On Cyber Bullying

    1054 Words  | 5 Pages

    McClatchy writes for a national newspaper in Minnesota and is currently drawing attention to cyber bullying. She explores new methods to combat this new type of bullying, which is derived from the internet. This article provides examples on several solutions that have been employed by different states to resolve the issue. Many state governments have come up with new laws requiring schools to construct policies to counter cyber bullying. The article also quotes a professor from John Hopkins University’s Bloomberg School of Public health; he states that the increased usage and reliance on the Internet and smartphones will have a big impact towards cyber bullying.

    Read More

  • Child Sexual Abuse In Canada Essay

    549 Words  | 3 Pages

    The child sexual abuse can be in various forms including engagement in sexual activities such as asking or pressuring, indecent exposure of the sexual body parts, and producing the child pornography(Wolak et al, 2008). The child sexual abuse can occur in a variety offline setting including school, work, and family. However, online child sexual abuse can be more critical due to the unique characteristics of the online environment including the anonymity. As an example, the anonymity of the internet allows the offenders to hide their identity behind the computer, which, produces the feeling of comforts where they believe it is unlikely to be

    Read More

  • The Pros And Cons Of Technology And Social Media

    1896 Words  | 8 Pages

    One of the biggest issues of online communication is cyber bullying. It is defined as, ‘‘the use of information and communication technologies to support deliberate, repeated, and hostile behavior by an individual or group, that is intended to harm others” (Baas, de Jong, and Drossaert, 1). There is so much anonymity online which makes it difficult for cyberbullying to stop. From personal experience, I have been cyberbullied on social media websites like Youtube. People commented hurtful things on my videos, I was fifteen at the time, so I did not tell my parents.

    Read More

  • Annotated Bibliography Cyberbullying

    1534 Words  | 7 Pages

    Annotated Bibliography Brody, N., & Vangelisti, A. L. (2017). Cyberbullying: Topics strategies, and sex differences. Computers in Human Behaviors, 75, 739-748. Doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.020 There are multiple strategies to cyberbullying, the most common strategies include public and private comments, photographs, and status updates. Cyberbullies use these strategies to make someone feel less than what they are.

    Read More

  • Persuasive Essay: The Dangers Of The Internet

    1281 Words  | 6 Pages

    An article published by BBC News UK states that almost one out of five children have at some point experienced to be bullied online. These dangers are only som of many dangers youths may have to deal with in the world because of the technology. Despite of the dangers to brows the internet, the web can also be a great source for information and pleasure, but it is important to know the risks as well. Just because there are some dangerous things about the web.

    Read More

  • History Of Cyberbullying

    1421 Words  | 6 Pages

    Fast innovations, such as the Internet, are constantly changing how people interact. Although this development has been approved human beings to make great progress in many areas, they have also allowed the form of violation to become more widespread. This is evident when looking at how traditional bullying has grown became today's issue known as cyberbullying. Although bullying and cyberbullying are often similar in shape and their technique also has a lot of difference. Unlike traditional bullying, cyberbullying allows offenders to close his identity behind the computer.

    Read More

  • Persuasive Speech On Cyberbullying

    1141 Words  | 5 Pages

    Since the expansion and headways in technology, cyberbullying has been on the rise. The use of the Internet and technology to purposely harm another person in a hostile way. The viral idea of online life makes sending embarrassing or humiliating messages, pictures, or recordings straightforward and prompt and mysterious. Screen names effortlessly camouflage spooks ' characters. Frequently they

    Read More

  • Persuasive Essay On Cyberbullying

    1152 Words  | 5 Pages

    Since the expansion and headways in technology, cyberbullying has been on the rise. The use of the Internet and technology to purposely harm another person in a hostile way. The viral idea of online life makes sending embarrassing or humiliating messages, pictures, or recordings straightforward and prompt and mysterious. Screen names effortlessly camouflage spooks ' characters. Frequently they can even put on a show to be the casualties, posting remarks that resemble the casualties kept in touch with them.

    Read More

  • Negative Effects Of Social Media Essay

    781 Words  | 4 Pages

    The second, cybercrime through social media is increasing because many are accessing the internet, such as kidnapping through social media facebook. In addiction to abduction

    Read More

  • Cause And Effect Of Cybercrime

    1038 Words  | 5 Pages

    CYBER CRIME Cybercrime is one of the fastest growing type of crime in our society today and have also been a serious problem since it causes a lot of damages and also affect us in different ways. But before I go further let me start by telling you the meaning of cybercrime, Cybercrime is different and more heinous than normal crime that we know. This crime is committed in an electronic medium and here means read is not a requirement and is done in secret Feldman(2013). Cyber war takes place largely in secret, unknown to the general public of crimes include pornography, cyber fraud, defamation, cyber stalking, harassment, IPR theft, data hostage, money laundering, phishing, e-mail bombing, cyber war, illegal monitoring. Secondly let me talk about the effect of cybercrime in our society today.

    Read More

More about Cyber Routine Activity Theory

Open Document