Kneading Technique Lab Report

Then, it is air dried and followed by fixing it with flame from Bunsen burner. After fixing the smear, it must be stained using Gram staining solution, firstly crystal violet solution was flood onto it, and allowed for 1 minute, then wash off with tap water. Then, flood the slide with iodine solution for 1 minute and wash it off with tap water again. The formation of a dye-iodine complex will occur in the cytoplasm. Then, it was flooded with ethanol and washed immediately.

This study was conducted with a partner, since some parts of the experiment were able to be done simultaneously. One partner prepared a TLC developing jar by pouring a small layer of 4:1:1 propanol/acetic acid/water into a developing jar. A solvent wick was made by wetting a piece of filter with the solvent, and it was placed in the jar. A silica coated TLC plate was obtained, and a spotting line was carefully drawn approximately 1.5 cm from the bottom of the plate using a pencil. Extra care was taken to not touch the plate with bare skin.

Problem: How does the temperature of water used to dissolve an Alka-Seltzer tablet affect the amount of time it would take for the tablet to completely dissolve? An Alka-Seltzer tablet is a medicine tablet made with baking soda used as a pain reliever for “headaches, body aches, pain, heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach” (Alka-Seltzer Tablets). It is put into water, left to dissolve and then consumed. When an Alka-Seltzer tablet is dropped into h20, a chemical reaction immediately takes place and produces bubbles made out of carbon dioxide as a product of the collision (Olson 2). When in its original powder (dry) form, the Alka-Seltzer’s two main ingredients: citric acid and sodium bicarbonate are just there and not reacting to each

The two solvents were added to the funnel, and the funnel was capped and the stopcock was closed to avoid spilling of solution. The funnel was then turned over several times for several minutes to let the aqueous and organic layer make contact by increasing surface area of reaction. The stopcock was periodically opened to relieve the air pressure that built up due to gaseous products formed by the reactions. In the first step, HCl was added to the ethyl acetate, which protonated the organic base, forming the base’s conjugate acid, which was polar and hence soluble in the aqueous solution. The aqueous layer was drained, and NaOH was added to neutralize the solution, and deprotonate the conjugate acid to reform the original base, which, as an organic base, was mostly insoluble in an aqueous solution, and precipitated out.

Zeinab Ossaili - 7654795 Synthesis Lab – Experiment 1: Separation By Distillation The objective of this experiment is: • To use simple distillation to purify liquids. • To experience the limits of simple distillation when it comes to separations. • To use fractional distillation to separate mixtures of liquids. Method used: Distillation 1 – Distillation of an organic liquid containing a non-volatile coloured impurity • The distillation apparatus was assembled in regards to the instructions given and this was done by setting up the heating mantle followed by the round bottom flask, the reduction adapter, still head, thermometer adapter and finally the thermometer.

A separatory funnel is attached to the clamp stand with a conical flask below as a receiving flask for the unwanted solution. The separatory funnel works by adding a solution to the mixture and blocking the top with a bung. Then turning the funnel upside down and right way around combines the mixture and the solution aiding in separating the ester from the aqueous layer. The aqueous layer is then removed/released by turning the head of the funnel. The bung must be removed at this stage as Carbon Dioxide is released.

You must first test the pH level of the amylase and starch solution using pH test strips, so that the experiment may be fair m. Then measure 3cm3 of amylase solution using the measuring cylinder, the pour it into the test tubes labeled A1-A5 n. Do the same for the starch solution but pour into the test tubes labeled S1-S5 o. Put test tubes A1 and S1 into the beaker labeled “cold water” p. Put test tubes A2 and S2 into the beaker labeled “normal water” q. Put test tubes A3 and S3 into the beaker labeled “warm water” r. Put test tubes A4 and S4 into the beaker labeled “very warm water” s. Put test tubes A5 and S5 into the beaker labeled “hot water” t. Mix the amylase solution with the starch solution when both are at the same temperature in each beakers (pour the amylase solution into the starch solution) u. Quickly add 3 drops of iodine solution into all 5 mixed amylase and starch solutions, while starting the stopwatch for each (should be 5 separate

Optimum quantities of calcium chloride, sodium citrate and calcium carbonate were used in the preparation of in-situ gel to maintain fluidity of the formulation before administration and resulted in gelation when the formulation was added to simulated gastric fluid. In-situ Gel Formulation of ETD was characterized to identify the best formulation. All the formulations were off white to pale yellow colored solution. They had pH in the range of 7.02-7.30. Viscosity of the formulation was determined using Brookfield Viscometer.

The reaction mixture is condensed under reduced pressure concentration. Then the reaction mixture is filtered in the presence of chloroform and charcoal. • Neutralization and extraction step is done by mixing reaction mixture with Hydrochloric acid, Sodium hydroxide in drinking water and chloroform followed by dissolution and crystallization to form Crude Levofloxacin. • Crude Levofloxacin is decolorized by ethanol and charcoal which is then recrystallized and centrifuged to form Levofloxacin (Intermediate).

Effort was made to avoid over spotting or cross contamination of the solutions. Both prepped silica TLC plates were placed in the Development Chamber (DC), that had 0.5% glacial acetic acid in ethyl acetate as solvent.

The chloroform and caffeine mixture was collected and into a conical flask labeled A. The remainder of the solution was discarded. This was repeated for beakers B and C. 9. Sodium sulphate was then added to each beaker to dry the liquid by getting rid of any remaining water from the solution. The sodium sulphate was then filtered and discarded.

Before starting the heating process, measure the weight of the crucible with its cover first and then tare the balance, and after that adding about 1 gram of the sample to the crucible with its cover, and then weigh it. Moreover, it is possible liberating harmful gases during the process of heating; therefore, being careful is important. The heating process ends when this sample changes the color to brown because water of hydration is removed to the sample. Additionally, give time to the small cool down and measure its weight. Next, transfer the sample to a 50 mL beaker and mixes with distilled water, which gets by rinsing the crucible with its cover in 8mL, so the solution is generated.

The difference in this chemical and physical properties will aid in their separation. Processes like solubility, gravitational filtration and recrystallization will be used to separate the substances present in Panacetin. The melting and boiling point of the substances will help in concluding on which of these compounds will be presented at the end of experiment. Procedure and observation The Panacetin content was weighed approximately 3.0493g and transferred to the Erlenmeyer flask; 75ml of dichloromethane (CH¬2CL2) was added to the content. The dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) dissolved the sucrose, leaving the active unknown agent and aspirin behind.